(PDF) IRE News and Radio Notes - DOKUMEN.TIPS (2024)

15731954 PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R-E

IRE News and Radio Notes-FIRST U. S. AUTOMATION SHOWTo BE HELD

The world of the future, in which facto-ries which presently operate with 2,000 em-

ployees will be manned by a few hundred,and in which the three-day work week willbe standard, will be previewed at the nation'sfirst automation show, November 21-22 at-the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York, N. Y.

Eighty companies in the field of controlsystems, components and services will berepresented as exhibitors. The show willdramatize the enormous possibilities of com-puters and control "hardware" and alsodemonstrate precisely what is being accom-plished today. Called the Automatic ControlEquipment Show, the gathering will be heldfor executives and engineers on a top man-

agement level rather than for technical spe-

cialists or the general public.Exhibitors will include instrument and

computer manufacturers, firms which designand install complete automatic systems, andmakers of the components comprising thesesystems. Additional information about theexhibit may be obtained from Strauss, Spig-ler and Kline Corporation, Finance Building,South Penn Square, Philadelphia, Pa.

CONFERENCE ON NUCLEARENGINEERING To BE HELD IN 1955

An advance announcement of a 1955Conference on Nuclear Engineering on April27-29 at the University of California at LosAngeles, and an invitation to submit papersto be read at the gathering, have recentlybeen issued by the Departments of Engi-neering on the Los Angeles and Berkeleycampuses of the University.

The Conference, offered through Univer-sity Extension and sponsored by the out-standing national engineering societies, will

consist of three one-day sessions, each de-voted to one of the following topics: NuclearReactor Power Extraction Systems andAuxiliaries (liquid metal systems, high pres-

sure water systems, etc.); Nuclear SystemDynamics (power system dynamic behavior,reactor, kinetics, instrumentation and con-

trol, etc.); and Radiation Sources for Indus-trial Applications.

Any person wishing to present a paper onone of these topics should contact ProfessorT. J. Connolly, Department of Engineering,University of California, Los Angeles 24,California. A description of the AEC-ap-proved security-clearance procedure forpapers will be mailed with notice of tentativeacceptance of these proposed papers. Pre-prints of papers selected will be available atthe Conference.

FIRST MEETING BOSTON CHAPTERMICROWAVE THEORY AND TECH-NIQUES GROUP

The first official meeting of the BostonChapter of the I.R.E. Professional Groupon Microwave Theory and Techniques was

held on June 3, 1954, at the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, Room 3-370.Fifty-three people were present.

The nominating committee, Merrill I.

Skolnik, Sylvania, Boston; Leslie M. Vant,Diamond Microwave; and Daniel A. Lan-ciani, Microwave Associates, approved thefollowing selected candidates for office:Chairman Theodore S. Saad, Sylvania,Woburn; Vice-Chairman Walter Rotman,Cambridge Research Center; Secretary-Treasurer Wilbur L. Pritchard, Raytheon,Newton.

The latter half of the meeting was takenup by a very interesting paper, "Ferrites inWaveguides," given by Dr. Robert H. Fox,of the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratories.

Calendar of

COMING EVENTSIRE Professional Group on Vehicular

Communications Meeting, Rice Ho-tel, Houston, Texas, September 30-October 1

National Electronics Conference, HotelSherman, Chicago, Ill., October 4-6

IRE Professional Group on Nuclear Sci-ence Annual Conference, ShermanHotel, Chicago, Ill., October 6-7

Symposium on Marine Communicationand Navigation, Hotel Somerset,Boston, Mass., October 13-15

IRE-RETMA Radio Fall Meeting, Ho-tel Syracuse, Syracuse, N. Y., Octo-ber 18-20

National Association of EducationalBroadcasters 30th Annual Conven-tion, Biltmore Hotel, New York,N. Y., October 27-30

IRE Baltimore Section-PGANE EastCoast Conference on Airborne andNavigational Electronics, Sheraton-Belvedere Hotel, Baltimore, Md.,November 4-5

IRE-PIB Microwave Symposium, En-gineering Societies Auditorium, NewYork, N. Y., November 8-10

IRE-AIEE Conference on ElectricalTechniques in Medicine and Biol-ogy, Morrison Hotel, Chicago, Ill.,November 10-11

IRE Quality Control Symposium, Stat-ler Hotel, New York, N. Y., Novem-ber 12-13

Symposium on Fluctuation Phenomenain Microwave Sources, WesternUnion Auditorium, New York, N. Y.,November 18-19

IRE Kansas City Section Annual Elec-tronics Conference, Hotel President,Kansas City, Mo., November 18-19

IRE-AIEE-ACM Eastern ComputerConference, Bellevue-Stratford Ho-tel, Philadelphia, Pa., December8-10

IRE-AIEE-NBS-URSI Conference onHigh Frequency Measurements, Ho-tel Statler, Washington, D. C., Janu-ary 17-19

IRE National Convention, Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and lingsbridge Ar-mory, New York, N. Y., March 21-24

IRE Seventh Region Technical Confer-ence, Hotel Westward Ho, Phoenix,Ariz., April 27-29

National Airborne Electronics Confer-ence, Biltmore Hotel, Dayton, Ohio,May 9-11

Final Call For PapersIRE NATIONAL CONVENTION MARCH 21-24, 1955

Prospective authors are requested to submit all of the following information:(1) 100-word abstract in triplicate with title, name and address of author.(2) 500-word summary in triplicate with title, name and address of author.(3) Indicate the technical field in which your paper falls:

Aeronautical & Navigational Industrial ElectronicsElectronics Information Theory

Antennas & Propagation InstrumentationAudio Medical ElectronicsBroadcast & Television Receivers Microwave Theory & TechniquesBroadcast Transmission Systems Nuclear ScienceCircuit Theory Production TechniquesCommunications Systems Quality ControlComponent Parts Radio Telemetry & RemoteElectron Devices ControlElectronic Computers Ultrasonics EngineeringEngineering Management Vehicular Communications

Deadline for acceptance of papers: November 15, 1954

Address all material to: Mr. J. Z. Millar, Chairman1955 Technical Program CommitteeInstitute of Radio Engineers, Inc.1 East 79 Street, New York 21, N. Y.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R-E

AUTOMATION SYMPOSIUM IN

PHILADELPHIASix weekly lectures on automation, spon-

sored by the Philadelphia Sections of theIRE and AIEE, October 10-November 20,will cover: Automation in the AutomotiveIndustry; Electronic Auto-Assembly;Etched Circuits; Modular Approach toMechanized Assembly; Process Control; andAutomation in Chemical Plants.

For registration information, write theIRE Symposium on Automation, 1317Spruce Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa.

COWAN AWARDED LAMME MEDALFrank A. Cowan (M'30-SM'43) assist-

ant director of operations, Long Lines De-partment, American Telephone & TelegraphCompany, and holder of 17 patents in thecommunications field, has recently beenawarded the 1953 Lamme Gold Medal. Spe-cifically, Mr. Cowan was cited "for his out-standing contributions to long distance com-munication and the development of modu-lating and transmission measuring appara-tus of original design and application."

The Lamme Medal is awarded annuallyto a member of the American Institute ofElectrical Engineers "who has shown meri-torious achievement in the development ofelectrical apparatus or machinery." It hasbeen awarded annually since 1928. In the in-terim some of the nation's top electrical engi-neers have received it; Mr. Cowan is the firstin the field of telephone engineering to re-

ceive the medal.Many of Mr. Cowan's inventions are

widely used throughout the industry. Amongthem are bridge and ring type modulatorsand demodulators, used today in communi-cations systems. Another of his inventionsfirst built in his own workshop and now em-ployed throughout the Bell System, is a di-rect reading telegraph transmission measur-

ing set.Mr. Cowan is the author of many tech-

nical papers on telephone subjects, and is a

Fellow of theAmerican Institute of ElectricalEngineers.

WE STAND CORRECTEDJohn D. Ryder has brought the following

correction to the attention of the editors.In his biography under IRE People, p. 1034,June, 1954 issue of the PROCEEDINGS OFTHE I.R.E. it was stated that "On July 1,John D. Ryder will take over his new dutiesas Dean of the School of Electrical Engineer-ing at Michigan State College, East Lansing,Mich."

Dr. Ryder's present position is Dean ofthe School of Engineering. The word "Elec-trical" should not have appeared in theabove information.

SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS ON AUTO-MATIC PRODUCTION OF ELECTRONICEQUIPMENT PUBLISHED

Proceedings of the Symposium on Auto-matic Production of Electronic Equipmentheld last April 19-20 in San Francisco, havebeen published by the Stanford ResearchInstitute. The symposium was jointly spon-sored by the Air Force and SRI.

The 119-page bound volume contains 17papers and illustrations relating to the gen-eral aspects of automation, product design,construction techniques, materials, compo-nents and the design of automatic productionlines; also a transcript of the symposium'sconcluding panel discussion.

For information write Public RelationsOffice, Stanford Research Institute, Stan-ford, Calif.

DR. TULLER AIR CRASH VICTIMDr. William G. Tuller of Falls Church,

Virginia, died in the K.L.M. crash nearShannon Airport, Ireland, on Saturday,September 4, 1954.

PAPERS INVITED FOR SEMI-CONDUCTOR SYMPOSIUM

The third annual Semiconductor Sym-posium of the Electrochemical Society willbe held this Spring, from May 2-5, at Cin-cinnati, Ohio. Papers are invited for presen-tation. Our early plans are to divide thesessions into two half-day sessions on semi-conducting materials-elemental, alloys andcompounds; a half-day session on surfacecontrolled phenomena; and a half-day ses-sion on chemical process technology.

In each of the areas of interest we wouldlike to present a balanced agenda, includingone paper reviewing the state of each field,30-minute presentations (including discus-sion time) of new information that can bescheduled by mid-winter 1954, and a num-ber of shorter presentations of about 10minutes' duration of the "late news" type.

Those wishing to present papers shouldnotify the chairman, also providing thetitle of any proposed paper, as early as pos-sible, and no later than November 15, 1954.Such information is needed for agenda plan-ning purposes. An abstract of approximately75 words should be submitted no later thanJanuary 15, 1955. This will be printed inthe general program for the meeting. A sec-ond "extended abstract" of about 1,000words should be submitted, along with briefpertinent data, illustrations, curves, etc.,not later than February 1, 1955. This ex-tended abstract is "printed, but not pub-lished" in a booklet entitled "Enlarged Ab-stracts of Papers Presented by the Elec-tronics Division," and will be available atthe meeting at cost.

The short "late news" presentations willnecessarily be less publicized in advance ofthe meeting than are the longer papers.Nevertheless, they will be announced, to thedivision mailing list before the meeting.

All communications should be sent toMr. F. J. Biondi, Chairman, at Bell Tele-phone Laboratories, Murray Hill, N. J.

Professional Group NewsFIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE PGUE

The PGUE Administrative Committeeheld its fourth meeting in New York Cityon June 25, 1954, on the occasion of thefirst anniversary of the PGUE. Three new

members to the Administrative Committeewere elected by the holdover members. Thethree were chosen from a slate of six, nom-

inated by a Special Nominating Coinir ittee.The latter Committee consisted of l`a)vidArenberg (Arenberg Ultrasonic Labora torv"',Donald Berlincourt (Brush Laboratories),and Walter G. Cady (California Institute ofTechnology).

The three new members elected to threeyear terms are as follows: Warren P. Mason,Bell Telephone Laboratories; Julia Herrick,Mayo Clinic; Karl Van Dyke, WesleyanUniversity.

The three retiring members of the Ad-ministrative Committee are: W. G. Cady,W. J. Mayo-Wells, and P. L. Smith.

Since the Group is just entering its sec-ond year, the Committee decided to re-electthe same officers for another year. They in-clude Amor L. Lane, chairman; Morton D.fa*gen, Vice-Chairman; Morris Kenny,Secretary. In addition, Julius Bernstein wasselected to be Treasurer.

Likewise, the same Committee chairmenwere retained: M. D. fa*gen, Membership,and Oskar Mattiat, Papers Procurement.In addition, William J. Fry was appointedchairman of the Papers Study and ReviewCommittee, Julius Bernstein taking over theSectional-Chapters Activities Committee.

Dr. Oskar Mattiat (Brush Laboratories)is the Editor-in-Chief of the PGUE TRANS-ACTIONS (the first issue was published inJuly, 1954), with Donald Berlincourtnominated as Associate Editor.

The PGUE Administrative Committeeformally approved the Group Constitutionand By-Laws, to be circulated to the mem-ship in the near future.

The meeting concluded by electingFrancis X. Byrnes (USN Electronics Lab-oratories, San Diego) as chairman of theUltrasonics panel at the August, 1954WESCON.

DUNMORE RECEIVES AERONAUTICAL AWARD

In 1951 the Professional Group of Aero-nautical and Navigational Electronics estab-lished an award for pioneers in the field ofaeronautical and navigational electronics.The award this year was made to F. W.Dunmore. Mr. Dunmore was born January24, 1891, at Haverhill, Mass. He became acommercial radio operator in 1911-1913; re-ceived the B.S. degree from PennsylvaniaState College in 1915; was a student of en-gineering at General Electric Company from1915-1917; joined the Research Depart-ment, American Radio and Research Cor-poration in 1918 for one year; and has sincebeen a staff member of the National Bureauof Standards, Washington, D. C.

Many new aids, such as the omnidirec-tional radio range, have been installed in theUnited States through the NBS since thewar. This facility is now beginning to comeinto routine use, and by far the greatestnumber of miles are flown in the UnitedStates by means of the four-course radiorange system. The first unit of this systemwas installed in 1929. Work on it wasstarted in the NBS, during 1922 and 1923,by F. H. Engelman and F. W. Dunmore.Thus, Mr. Dunmore played a very impor-tant part in the development of the standardUnited States air navigational aid.

Mr. Dunmore's work, however, does notcease with the development of the four-course radio range. In 1930 he began work on

1574 October

IRE News and Radio Notes

the fixed-beam low-approach system, com-monly referred to as ILS. At the outbreak ofthe war, the Civil Aeronautics Administra-tion had half a dozen ILS systems in opera-tion, and were preparing to install thisequipment throughout the country. Duringthe war, the CAA system was modified bythe Air Force and some 500 equipmentswere constructed for use of Air Corps air-craft. Subsequent to the war, the ILS sys-tem was standardized by the InternationalCivil Aviation Organization for use through-out the world. Thus Dunmore's work is guid-ing aircraft to safe landing in low visibilitythroughout the world.

The Professional Group on Aeronauticaland Navigational Electronics is happy in-deed to make the Pioneer Award to Mr.Dunmore. Without a doubt he is one of themost outstanding radio engineers workingtoday who have contributed very substan-tially to aeronautical electronic science.

ObituariesPaul M. Gunzbourg (M'43-SM'43) con-

sulting engineer, died recently.A graduate electrical engineer of the

Polytechnical Institute of St. Petersburg,Russia, Mr. Gunzbourg served in World WarI as a member of the Supreme Council andDefense of the Imperial Territory, and untilthe Russian revolution, was chief engineerand manager of the Russian Siemens Com-pany under goverment sequester. From 1926to 1940, he was president and general mana-ger of the Belgian and French Siemens Com-panies. At the beginning of World War 11

he represented the British government, HisMajesty's Office of Works, in France.

He arrived in the United States in 1940and in his capacity

~' as consultant to thedirector of intelli-gence of the U. S.Army Service Forces,at the end of the warwas awarded a Cer-tificate of Apprecia-tion for his "patrioticservices in a positionof trust and responsi-bility, whose advice

P. M. GUNZBOURG on matters pertain-ing to French electri-

cal, chemical, and mineral assets, as well ason problems encountered in connection withoccupation, relief, and rehabilitation, was ofinvaluable assistance to the department."

Mr. Gunzbourg was a licensed profes-sional engineer in New York State, and amember of the AIEE, The French Society ofElectrical Engineers, the Belgian Society ofElectrical Engineers, the International Con-ference of Power Grids in Paris, France, andthe National Society of Professional Engi-neers, New York Chapter.

Lawrence V. Wells (A'29-SM'47) diedrecently at his home in Kalamazoo, Mich.

Mr. Wells was born in Clyde, Ohio, in1906. He studiedelectrical engineeringat Michigan State

-, College, Lansing, andlater joined the staffof radio stationWREO,. Lansing,during construction.He continued withWREO until 1927,when the license wassurrendered and

L. V. WELLS broadcasting aban-doned. With a part-

ner he operated a radio business until joiningthe engineering staff at Wilcox-Gay at Char-lotte, Mich. He became chief engineer andserved Wilcox-Gay in that capacity until1947, when he resigned to take charge ofengineering at Allen Electric EquipmentCompany, Kalamazoo. He entered sellingin 1953, joining Haggerty Sales Company,

Ferndale, Mich. After a brief period, a part-nership, Haggerty-Wells Company wasformed, and a branch at Kalamazoo set up.He was on the consulting staff of severalprominent electrical and electronic concerns,and was widely known for his work in mass-produced recorders, FM, AM, TV, elec-tronic musical instruments, telemeteringaudio, and related equipment.

Jerome A. Beranek (S'41-A'42-M'46-SM'48) Manager of CBS Radio TechnicalOperations in Hollywood, died recently of aheart attack at the age of 38.

Mr. Beranek was born in Saskatoon,Saskatchewan, Can. He had been with CBSRadio in Hollywood since his graduationfrom the University of Southern Californiain 1940, with the exception of three waryears spent in the Bureau of War Researchof Columbia University, New York.

Cornelius G. Brennecke (A'36-M'46-F'51), head of the North Carolina StateCollege Department of Electrical Engineer-

ing, died recently. Hewas 47 years old.

Dr. Brennecke, anative of New York,received the degreesof A.B., B.S., andE.E. from ColumbiaUniversity. His grad-uate work was doneat New York Univer-sity, where he re-ceived the degree of

C. G. BRENNECKE Ph.D. in 1936.After several years

with the engineering department of RCA, heaccepted a fellowship in physics at NewYork University, leaving there in 1936 tojoin the engineering faculty of the Univer-sity of Toledo. In 1942 he became an associ-ate professor of electrical engineering atLehigh University. In 1949 he was appointedNorth Carolina State College representativeon the Oak Ridge Institute of NuclearStudies. His investigations in atomic physicsand in the properties of dielectrics have beenpublished.

Dr. Brennecke helped to organize theNorth Carolina-Virginia Section of the IRE,and served as its chairman in 1948, and asvice-chairman in 1949-50.

SEVENTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICALTECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY

SPONSORED BY THE AmERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, THE INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS,AND THE INSTRUmENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Morrison Hotel, Chicago, Ill., November 10-12

Wednesday morning November 10

CIRCULATION AND CARDIOLOGYChairman, Dr. Samuel A. Talbot

1. "Normalization of Vector EKG Axes,"Dr. Otto Schmitt, the University ofMinnesota.

2. "Computer Technics in Rapid Deter-mination of Certain EKG Functions,"Dr. Stanley Briller, Bellevue Hospital.

3. "Synthesis of Electrocardiograph Leads,"Dr. Richard McFee, Bell TelephoneLaboratories, Whippany, N. J., and Dr.Franklin Johnston, University of Michi-gan Medical School.

4. 'Determination of the Electrical Centerof Ventricular Depolarization in theHuman Heart," Dr. Ernest Frank,Moore School of Electrical Engineering,University of Pennsylvania.

5. "Heart Cell Potential," Dr. E. E. Suck-ling, New York State University.

CUMULATIVE INDEX AVAILABLEThe Cumulative Index for the

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I.R.E., TRANS-ACTIONS of the I.R.E. ProfessionalGroups, and the CONVENTION REC-ORD OF THE I.R.E., for the period1948-1953, is now available. The In-dex will be sold to members at a priceof $1.00, and to nonmembers at aprice of $3.00. To receive a copy ofthe Index, send orders with paymentsto The Institute of Radio Engineers,1 East 79 Street, New York 21, N. Y.

1954 1575

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R-E

Wednesday afternoon November 10

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICALMATERIALS

Chairman, Dr. Otto Schmitt1. The Electrical Impedance of a Human

Body Segment as Related to ImpedancePlethysmography, " Dr. Paul Albro,Hastings Instrument Co.

2. "Electro-ionics of Nerve Action, " Dr.Kenneth S. Cole, Naval Medical Re-search Institute, Bethesda, Md.

3. "The Application of the Electric Im-pedance Method in the Study of the Nor-mal and Hemolyzed Red Blood Cell,"Dr. Hugo Fricke, Walter B. James Lab-oratory for Biophysics, Cold Spring Har-bor, N. Y.

4. "Capacity of Erythrocyte Ghose Mem-brane Measured over a Wide FrequencyRange," Drs. Herman P. Schwan, E. L.Carstensen, and K. Li, Moore School ofElectrical Engineering, University ofPennsylvania.

Thursday afternoon November 11X-RAYS AND INSTRUMENTATION

1. "Spectral Phonocardiography," Dr. G. N.Webb, Johns Hopkins Hospital.

2. "New Developments in the ElectronicsFluoroscope of the Television Type,"Mr. Ralph Sturm and Dr. Russell Mor-gan, Johns Hopkins Hospital.

3. "Effects of X-Rays on Erythrocytes,"Dr. Otto Bliih, University of British Co-lumbia, Vancouver, Canada.

4. "Xerography," Dr. John Roach, AlbanyMedical School.

5. Progress in X-Ray Movies," E. L.Webb, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Bal-timore, Md.

A dinner and evening meeting arescheduled for November 10th. The guestspeaker will be Dr. T. E. Allibone, Directorof Research, of the Associated ElectricalIndustries of Great Britain. Dr. Allibone isa Fellow of the Royal Society and known in-ternationally for his work in fields pertinentto the Conference.

Two laboratory field trips have been ar-ranged. Registrants for the Conference willbe given an opportunity to visit the ArgonneCancer Research Hospital on the morning ofNovember 11th. On the morning of Novem-ber 12th, they will have an opportunity tovisit appropriate portions of the ArgonneNational ILaboratory. Both these installa-tions, operated by the University of Chica-

go for the United States Atomic EnergyCommission, are engaged in importantstudies of the effects of radiation ont livinigsystems.

The visit to the Argonne Cancer Hospi-tal on the morning of the 11th will includeinspection of the 50 mev microwave linearaccelerator, the colbalt-60 rotational thera-py unit, the thulium diagnostic unit, etc.

The visit to the Argonne National Lab-oratory will take place on the morning ofNovember 12th. Transportationi to and fromthis laboratory will be available and can bearranged for at the Conference registrationdesk. Maps and directions will be availablefor those having their own tranisportation.The visit will be planned to permit depar-ture from Chicago by later afternoon trainor plane.

Visitors to the Argonne Nation-al Lab-oratory will be asked to register for the tourbefore 3:00 P.M. of November 11th. Citi-zens of countries other than the UnitedStates must give three weeks notice throughthe Conference Chairman so that admissionto the Argonne National Laboratory may bearranged.

Conference Chairman, E. D. Trout, 4855Electric Ave., Milwaukee 1, Wis.

RADIO FALL MEETING PROGRAMSPONSORED BY IRE, RETMA, AND RTMA OF CANADAHOTEL SYRACUSE, SYRACUSE, N. Y. OCTOBER 18-20

Monday, 9:30 A.M., October 18General Meeting

(Sponsored by the RETMA EngineeringDepartment)

WV. R. G. Baker, presidingThe program of this session will be com-

prised of reports by the Chairmen of theSections and Staff Committees of theRETMA Engineering Department of ac-tivities and plans of their respective groups.

2:00 P.M.Reliability Control Session

(Arranged by IRE Professional Groupon Quality Control)J. R. Steen, presiding

"Contributing Factors to Component PartsReliability and Extended Service," J. A.Goetz, International Business MachinesCorp.

"More Protection From Small SamplesThrough Better Planning," B. P. Gold-smith, Raytheon Manufacturing Co.

"Cathode Interface Impedance Desimpli-fied," H. B. Frost, Bell Telphone Labs.

"Statistical Design-A Means to BetterProducts of Lower Cost," R. C. Miles,Airborne Instruments Lab.

Tuesday, 9:00 A.M., October 19Television Receiver Session

(Arranged by the IRE ProfessionalGroup on Broadcast and Television

Receivers)E. I. Anderson, presiding

"Optimum Crystal Mixer Operation-the1N82 Crystal," S. Deutsch, PolytechnicRes. & Dev. Co., Inc.

"A UHF-VHF Television Tuner Using Pen-cil Tubes, " W. A. Harris and J. J.Thompson, R.C.A.

"Color Purity in Ungated Sequential Dis-plays," G. S. Ley, Westhinghouse Elec.Corp.

"The Practical Aspects of Color SubcarrierSynchronization Problem," W. J. Gruen,General Electric Co.

"A Simple Method of Phase Compensationof Video Delay Lines," D. A. Gillen, Ad-miral Corp.

2:00 P.M.General Receiver Session

(Arranged by the IRE ProfessionalGroup on Broadcast and Television

Receivers)D. W. Pugsley, presiding

"New Converter for Broadcast Receivers,"D. E. Sunstein, Philco Corp.

"The Second Detector-A Determinant ofFringe-Area Performance," J. E. Bridges,Zenith Radio Corp.

"Dynamic Diode Limiters in FM Demodu-lator Circuits," F. Mural, Philco Corp.

"Automatic Gain Control of TransistorAmplifiers, " W. F. Chow and A. P.Stern, General Electric Co.

Wednesday, 9:20 A.M., October 20Electric Devices Session I

NArranged by the IRE ProfessionalGroup on Electron Devices)

G. A. Espersen, presiding'The Application of Frame Grids to Receiv-

ing Tubes," S. L. Pawlikowski, SylvaniaElec. Prods., Inc.

"A High-Voltage Regulator Tube for Color-Television Receivers," R. E. Bvram,RCA.

"The Noise Figure of Grid Controlled Elec-tron Tubes," H. Rothe, Telefunken,Ulm/Donau, Germany.

"Effects of Lead Inductance on the Per-formance of Miniature Tubes in the UHFTelevision Band," R. N. Peterson andW. A. Harris, RCA.

"A New Approach to Converter Tube De-sign," R. J. Bisso, Sylvania Elec. Prods.,Inc.

2:00 P.M.Electron Devices Session II

(Arranged by the IRE ProfessionalGroup on Electron Devices)

J. S. Saby, presiding"Investigation of Noise in Audio-Frequency

Amplifiers Using Junction Transistors,"P. L. Bargellini and M. B. Herscher,RCA.

"Class B Operation of Audio-FrequencyJunction Transistors," K. E. Loofbour-row, RCA.

"Raytheon Ck 721 Transistor. A ServiceReliability Report," F. M. Dukat, Ray-theon Manufacturing Co.

"Transistor Reliability," C. L. Rouault,General Electric Co.

1576 fCcioo>er

1954 IRE News and Radio Notes

NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF QUALITY CONTROL ANDRELIABILITY IN ELECTRONICS

SPONSORED BY PROFESSIONAL GROUP ON QUALITY CONTROL OF THE IRE AND

ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE ASQCStatler Hotel, New York, N. Y.-November 12 and 13, 1954

SESSION IFriday, November 12, 1954

QUALITY CONTROL IN ENGINEERINGAND MANUFACTURE

Moderator: To Be Announced9:00-9:45 A.M.

1. "Statistically Designed Experiment of theFactorial Type Applied to Point-ContactTransistors," M. Eder, R. Warner, andF. Keene-Bell Telephone Labs.

9:45-10:30 A.M.

2. "The Bendix Radio Vender Rating Sys-tem," R. Fitzgibbons-Bendix.

10:30-10:45 A.M.

Intermission

10:45-11:30 A.M.3. "Sampling Procedures on Finished Chas-

sis and Equipment," H. Knapp-FederalTelephone & Radio.

11:30-12:15 A.M.4. 'Some Aspects of Quality Control in

Computer Tube Applications," W. Hall-IBM.

SESSION IIQUALITY CONTROL AND ITSRELATION TO RELIABILITY

1:30-2:15 P.M.1. "Technical Publications' Contribution to

Reliability," J. Wight-McGraw-HillBook Co., Inc.

2:15-3:00 P.M.2. "Managing a Quality Program," H. New-

ton-Bendix Aviation, Towson, Md.

3:00-3:45 P.M.3. "An Integrated Program for Reliability

Improvement," G. M. Armour-GeneralElectric Co., Syracuse, N. Y.

3:45-4:00 P.M.Intermission

4:00-4:45 P.M.4. 'Electronic Product Reliability Through

Quality Control," C. Ryerson-RCA.

4:45-5:30 P.M.5. "Feedback Approach to Reliability,'

D. Hill and H. D. Voegtlen-HughesAircraft Co.

SESSION IIISaturday, November 13, 1954

MILITARY ASPECTS OF RELIABILITY9:00-9:45 A.M.

1. 'The Navy Reliability Program and theDesigner," E. J. Nucci-Navy Dept.,Bureau of Ships, Washington, D. C.

9:45-10:30 A.M.2. "Development of Techniques for Reli-

ability Measurement and Prediction,"V. Harris and M. Tall-Vitro Corp.

10:30-11:15 A.M.3. "Concepts of Failure Reporting and Its

Relation to Reliability," C. E. McLaugh-lin-Wright Patterson AF Dev. Center.

11: 15 A.M.-12:00 N.4. 'Techniques in Putting Failure Data to

Work for Management," F. A. Haddenand L. WV. Sepmeyer-Rand Corp.

12:15-2:30 P.M.Luncheon Session

Speaker: To Be Announced

SESSION IVAIRBORNE RELIABILITY

2:45-3:30 P.M.1. "Designing Airborne Electronic Equip-

ment for Improved Reliability," R. N.White, Trans-World Airlines, Inc., Kan-sas City, Mo.

3:30-4:15 P.M.2. "The ARINC Military Electron Tube

Project-Its History, Philosophy andMajor Findings," E. Morse-Aeronau-tical Radio, Inc.

4:15-5:00 P.M.

3. "Development, Implementation, andUtilization of the 'K' System Consoli-dated Malfunction Report," F. Tonnies-Sperry Gyroscope Co.

SYMPOSIUM ON FLUCTUATION PHENOMENA INMICROWAVE SOURCES

November 18-19, New York, N. Y.

A Symposium on Fluctuation Phenom-ena in Microwave Sources will be held at theWestern Union Auditorium, New YorkCity, on November 18-19, 1954, under thejoint sponsorship of the IRE ProfessionalGroup on Electron Devices and the AdvisoryGroup on Electron Tubes.

The symposium has been organized withthe following objectives in mind: (a) To ac-quaint conferees with the noise require-ments of various types of microwave equip-ment; (b) to formulate plans for standardi-zation of definitions of noise and noisemeasurements; and (c) to acquaint micro-wave engineers with the types and relativeamounts of noise to be expected from vari-ous microwave sources.

It is planned that all papers will be pub-

lished after the symposium in the Trans-actions of the Professional Group on Elec-tron Devices.

No registration fee will be charged for thesymposium. Those who wish to attendshould write to Col. H. W. Serig, Chairman,Invitations Committee, Advisory Group onElectron Tubes, 346 Broadway (8th floor),New York, N. Y.

The program and abstracts of papers areas follows:

SESSION I

NOISE REQUIREMENTS OFMICROWAVE SYSTEMS

Session Organizer: W. M. Gottschalk, Ray-theon Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass.

Session Chairman: W. C. Brown, RaytheonMfg. Co., Waltham, Mass.

Session Periods: 10:00 A.M.-12:15 P.M.Thursday, November 18, 1954.

PAPERSRelation of Noise in Microwave Sources toSystem Requirements-J. B. Wiesner,Mass. Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, Mass.

A brief survey is given of the noise char-acteristics of the common microwavesources, including triode oscillators, magne-trons, and klystrons; followed by a discus-sion of the limitations which such electricalnoises impose on communications and radarsystems. The paper will include a discussionof the effects of additive noise, amplitude-

1954 1577

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R-E

modulation- noise, frequenicy-modulationnoise and flicker noise.

The Influence of Noisy Components on theSensitivity of Microwave Receivers-W. L.Pritchard and K. T. Larkin, Raytheon Mfg.Co., Waltham, Mass.

The ultimate limitation oln receiver sen-sitivity is random noise. After establishingbasic quantities such as bandwidth, type ofmodulation, etc., the remaining problem isto come as close as possible to the minimumtheoretical noise level.

We define noise figure and apply it firstto cascaded networks and then to a super-heterodyne receiver using a crystal converter.The following basic equation is derived:F = LRLm[(Fif - 1) + (ti - 1) + 1].

We discuss the parameters in the aboveequation and show that, while these areoften considered to be the published valuesfor the crystal and if amplifier tube, theyare actually significant functions of the as-sociated rf and if circuitry.

We discuss the effects of extraneous fre-quenicy generation and rf source impedanceon conversion loss and noise temperature.

We next consider the sources of noise inan if amplifier and show that there is an op-timum if source impedance. The existence ofan optimum if frequency is established andits dependence on the crystal and tube pa-rameters is showni. We emphasize the criteriafor correctly conniiectinig the if amplifier tothe mixer.

We show how local oscillator noise coIn-tributed to noise figure and how it varieswith if and carrier frequencies. Experi-mental data are presented showing the con-siderable magnitude of the effect.

Stabilization of Microwave Oscillators-E. J. Shelton, Raytheon Mfg. Co., Waltham,Mass.

Frequency stabilization of microwave os-cillators by the use of resonant cavitieswill be reviewed. The benefits of using adamping resistor to suppress unstabilizedand unwanted modes of operation are in-cluded. During the course of studying sys-tem performance of a particular micro-wave system, it was determined that unin-tentional stabilization was seriously effect-ing operation. This unintentional stabiliza-tion can be either beneficial or detrimentalin a particular instance, but if not recog-nized and controlled the general result isadverse. Theory and experimental resultsare to be presented along with possiblemeans of making use of the advantages ofthis effect to decrease frequency variations.

SESSION IIREPRESENTATION AND MEAS-UREMENT OF FLUCTUA-

TION SIGNALSSession Organizers: H. D. Arnett, Naval Re-

search Lab., Washington, D. C.; R. T.Young, Diamond Ordnance Lab., Wash-ington, D. C.

Session Chairman: A. J. Ruhlig, ElectronTube Branch, Naval Research Lab.,Washington, D. C.

Session Period: 1:30 P.M.-5:00 P.M.,Thursday, November 18, 1954.

PAPERSNoise Measurements of Microwave LocalOscillators-By Dr. R. Mueller, presentedby H. J. Hersh, Evans Signal Lab., Belmar,N. J.

A method for measuring spectral dis-tribution of amplitude fluctuations and fre-quency fluctuations in microwave oscillatorsis described. The method provides for evalu-ation of amplitude fluctuations in terms ofsignal-to-noise ratio; frequency fluctuationsin terms of two parameters: (a) rms devia-tion, and (b) rms rate of change of deviation.In addition, the method permits estimationof the correlation between these two noisecomponents.

Some typical results of such measure-ments are described, and certain impli-cations of the effects of system parameters oninterpretation of these results are considered.

For a specific system, two measurementsare shown to be sufficient to determine theeffect of frequency noise on system per-formance.

Microwave Oscillator Noise SpectrumMeasurements-G. C. Dalman and A. S.Rhoads, Jr., Sperry Gyroscope Co., GreatNeck, L. I.

Measurements, equipment and tech-niques have been developed for determiningthe noise spectrum of a microwave oscilla-tor. In this method the oscillator output ispassed through a microwave filter whichsharply attenuates the power at the oscilla-tor frequency but passes the noise frequen-cies. A noise-free local oscillator signal isadded to the filter output and the oscillatornoise spectrum is measured using a cali-brated microwave receiver. A second micro-wave rejection filter is used in the measure-ments to eliminate one of the receiver re-sponses.

A detailed description of the equipmentand past techniques will be presented. Ex-perimental results obtained on two typical9 kmc. reflex klystrons operating at thecenter of the mode and electronically tunedto the half-power points, will also be de-scribed.

Theory of Phenomenological Models andDirect Measurements of the FluctuatingOutput of CW Magnetrons-D. Middleton,Consultant, Research Div., Raytheon Manu-facturing Co., Waltham, Mass.

A complete macroscopic theory yieldingthe significant parameters which describethe coherent and incoherent output of acw magnetron (e.g. modulation and "push-ing" factors, bandwidths, carrier and noiselevels, modulation indexes, etc.) is outlined.The theory on which measurement of thesedescriptive parameters depends, is also de-scribed, as it is intimately related to the in-terpretation of the data from which the de-fining parameters of the phenomenologicalmodel are obtained. It is shown that themost satisfactory general model of cw op-eration is that of a carrier or primary oscil-lation simultaneously, amplitude and angle-

modulated by a band of shot or "primary"noise, and accompanied by a backgroundnoise essentially incoherent with the modu-lated carrier. The chief effect is producedby the effects of angle-modulation, whicheven for relatively noisy tubes, occurs witha very low-modulation index; the amplitude-modulation, while relatively weak, cannotbe ignored, and must be included in theanalysis. A technique of direct measure-ment, using a waveguide filter and crystaldetector for input waves of the above type, isbriefly described, and it is shown how thedescriptive parameters of the magnetronmodel may be observed experimentally.Particular attention is paid to the approxi-mations and assumptions involved, and thetheory is illustrated with a number of repre-sentative data from a standard magnetron;applications of this general approach toother microwave sources is briefly con-sidered.

Direct Detection Measurements of the Out-put of CW Magnetrons-W. M. Gottschalk,Research Div., Raytheon ManufacturingCo., Waltham, Mass.

Apparatus will be described by means ofwhich measurements have been made on thenoise characteristics of cw magnetrons (notmodulated). The resulting measurementsshow that the magnetron can be representedas an oscillator with the simultaneous ampli-tude and angle modulation, with a pre-dominance of the latter. Variations of char-acteristics of the measuring equipment havedisclosed certain properties. Numerical re-sults on several tube types will be given andcorrelation with operating parameters willbe shown.

Development of a Low-Noise X-Band CWKlystron Power Oscillator-R. A. La Plante,Philips Laboratories, Inc., Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y.

A cw klystron oscillator for X-band madeby Philips Laboratories delivers more than100 watts at 9,600 mc/seconds. Using thistube as a prototype, alterations have beenmade in the tube design to reduce the fre-quency fluctuation of the output due tomicrophonism. The frequency fluctuations ofthe output of these tubes are expressed bythe rms frequency deviation of the output,and a system used for the measurement ofthis quantity is described. Comparisons ofthe rms frequency deviations of conventionaland low-noise designs of the Philips tubesare given.

The Measurement and Sources of ShortTime Angular Instabilities-B. R. Mayo,H. H. Grimm, and J. K. Records, GeneralElectric Co., Syracuse, N. Y.

The residual phase and frequency varia-tions associated with highly stable micro-wave sources is discussed in this paper. Thetype of frequency and phase variations to beexpected are listed and classified.

Measurement methods capable of detect-ing very small phase and frequency varia-tions are described. The sensitivities obtain-able are given. An objective of this workhas been to find methods which are not toocomplex, but have adequate sensitivity for

1578 October

IRE News and Radio Notes

facilitating the development of sources withunusually good short time stability. Shorttime frequency deviations of one part in1010 are easily observed. However, micro-wave sources tested so far never show lessthan 1 part in 10 degrees frequency deviationin periods of the order of 10-2 seconds.

Phase deviations of 0.1 degree can be ob-served. Equipment under investigation or-dinarily shows 0.5 degree to 5 degrees phaseshift.

Analysis is given relating the observedinstabilities to some MTI problems.

A Technique for Measuring FM Noise inMicrowave Oscillators-E. F. McClain andW. R. Ferris, Naval Research Lab., Wash-ington 25, D. C.

Previous methods of analyzing the low-frequency noise spectrum of microwave os-cillators have employed the usual scanning-type spectrum analyzer or an arrangement offixed-tuned filters. The visual presentationof the spectrum analyzer makes high ac-curacy difficult, while a series of filters doesnot provide the necessary frequency dis-crimination. The present system makes useof a chart recorder to present noise levelversus frequency as a continuous plot from0 to 16,000 cycles.

National Bureau of Standards Noise Com-parator-Dr. Charles Greenhow, Nat. Bur.Stand., Washington, D. C.

This paper is concerned with the meas-urements of the power spectrum of fluores-cent tubes in the frequency range between6-10 kmc. It has two main purposes: to dis-cuss the experimental set-up used for cal-ibrating fluorescent tubes to be used as sec-ondary noise standards; and to study ex-perimentally the law of available noisepower of a discharge tube.

SESSION III-ANOISE GENERATION INMICROWAVE SOURCES

Session Organizers: C. F. Quate, Bell Tele-phone Labs., Murray Hill, N. J.;J. Babakian, Central Sales & Mfg. Corp.,Denville, N. J.; A. G. Peifer, FederalTelecommun. Lab., Nutley, N. J.

Session Chairman: A. K. Wing, FederalTelecommun. Lab., Nutley, N. J.

Session Period: 9:15 A.M.-12 :15 P.M., Fri-day, November 19, 1954.

PAPERSGeneral Sources of Noise in MicrowaveTubes-J. R. Pierce, Bell Telephone Labs.,Murray Hill, N. J.

This paper will discuss various sourcesof noise which are found in microwave ampli-fiers. The noise characteristics of the beamsused in such amplifiers will be treated andused as a basis to predict the amount ofnoise output which can be expected from agiven tube. Also, the various methods of re-ducing this noise output and a summary ofthe present state of low noise amplifierswill be presented.

Noise Measurements on Long ElectronBeams-L. D. Smullin, Mass. Inst. Tech.,Res. Lab. of Electronics, Cambridge, Mass.

Measurements of the microwave noisehave been made on electron beams formedby several different guns. These have in-cluded parallel beam guns with cathodeemersed in the magnetic field; and converg-ing flow guns with cathode outside the mag-netic field.

In general, two regions of behavior havebeen noted: one in which the noise currentdensity varies sinusoidally with distance,and the other in which the noise current in-creases rapidly with distance. The latter be-havior has been called the growing noisewave. The way in which these two differentnoise regimes respond to various parameterswill be described.

Noise Characteristics of Carcinotrons-R. Warnecke, Compagnie Generale de laTelegraphie Sans Fils, Paris, France.

(No abstract available.)

The Small Signal Performance of the 416BPlanar Triode between 60 and 4,000 mc-L. H. Von Ohlson, Bell Telephone Labs.,c/o Western Electric Co., Allentown, Pa.

In view of the interest in the applicationof planar triodes as broadband, small signalamplifiers, a study of the performance of the416B triode has been made between 60 and4,000 mc. It has been found that this tube,having a gain-band product of 1,200 and aneasily obtainable gain of 10 db at the higherfrequencies, is capable of operation with anoise figure making it attractive for lowlevel operation. Typical high frequency op-eration of the tube and a summary of themeasurements made over a wide band of fre-quency and their agreement with theory isdiscussed.

Measurements of Traveling-Wave TubeNoise Figure-G. E. St. John, Bell Tele-phone Labs., Murray Hill, N. J.

The general structure of the tube isshown and a brief description of the elec-trode disposition given.

Variation of noise figure is described as afunction of the first anode voltage with beamcurrent as a parameter. The independence ofcurrent is pointed out.

A plot is shown of noise figure as a func-tion of the perveance of the cathode to first-anode region and the possible significance ofthe beam shape in this region is described.

The variation of noise figure with fre-quency is described and some results aregiven on the effect of helix size.

Noise Characteristics of a Voltage TunableMagnetron-J. A. Boyd, Univ. of Michigan,Ann Arbor, Mich.

The Michigan voltage-tunable magne-tron is being studied to determine the noisecharacteristics of this tube. Amplitude of thenoise as a function of frequency from thecarrier is being investigated. Preliminary re-sults indicate that the noise power is of theorder of 100 db below the carrier at 30 mcfrom the carrier frequency. The tube is beingused as the local oscillator in a microwave re-ceiver and the noise contribution of this tube

to the receiver output is being evaluated. Aniattempt will be made to correlate the experi-mental results with theoretical predictions.

Measurement and Analysis of Triode Noise-W. A. Harris, Tube Div., RCA, Harrison,N. J.

Measurements of noise from triode am-plifiers are reported, under conditions whichpermit description of the noise as if derivedfrom two generators. The mean-square am-plitudes and the correlation coefficient forthese generators are given for several tubetypes, over a range of operating conditions,for frequencies between 500 and 900 mc. Theresults are discussed in terms of their rela-tion to triode theory.

SESSION III-BTHEORY OF NOISE GENERA-

TION IN MICROWAVESOURCES

Session Organizers: C. F. Quate, Bell Tele-phone Labs., Murray Hill, N. J.; J. Ba-bakian, Central Sales & Mfg. Corp.,Denville, N. J., A. G. Peifer, FederalTelecommun. Lab., Nutley, N. J.

Session Chairman: A. K. Wing, Federal Tel-ecommun. Lab., Nutley, N. J.

Session Period: 1:30 P.M.-2:45 P.M., Friday,November 19, 1954.

PAPERSSpace Charge Waves on an AcceleratingStream of Uniformly Charged SquareLaminae-W. E. Danielson, Bell TelephoneLabs., Murray Hill, N. J.

Using an electronic model which consistsof a stream of uniformly charged laminae ac-celerated in an electron gun, ac velocity andcurrent at the anode will be given in terms ofthe corresponding quantities at the potentialminimum. The physical principles on whichthe calculations are based will be sum-marized, and possible application of the re-sults to traveling-wave tube noise theory willbe outlined.

Observations on Ion Oscillations in a Cylin-drical Beam Tetrode Under Hard VacuumConditions--W. E. Waters, Jr., DiamondOrdnance Fuze Labs., Connecticut Ave. atVan Ness St., N.W., Washington 25, D. C.

Observations have been made on ion os-cillations occurring in ion traps in a numberof tubes, operating over a wide range of volt-age and current. Several geometries and elec-trode surfaces have been used; pressureshave ranged from 5X 10-8 mm Hg up toabout 106 mm. Three distinct types of dis-turbances have been observed, all havingfundamental frequencies in the range of 0.5to 3 mc/seconds. Secondary electrons havebeen found to have a large influence on thestrength of these oscillations, but only a smallinfluence on the frequencies. The relation be-tween the phenomena in the cylindrical-beam tetrode and sidebands occurring in thespectrum of a dc-operated reflex klystron hasbeen examined; it seems clear that the ionoscillation produces simultaneous AM a-idFM of the klystron. A number of theoreticalmodels have been examined, but none ofthem account for all the observations.

1954, 1579

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R-E

Noise Phenomena in the Region of the Po-tential Minimum-J. R. Whinnery, Elec-tronics Res. Lab., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley,Calif.

Discussions are given on the importanceof knowing noise behavior in the region ofthe potential minimum. Three attacks onthis problem are described, a largely physi-cal analysis, a series solution of the Liouvilleequation and other analytical attacks on thisequation. Some of the phenomena yielded bythese attacks are described with the seriousproblems which now prevent completing thesolution.

Noise in Electron Beams-H. A. Haus,Mass. Inst. of Tech., Res. Lab. of Electron-ics, Cambridge, Mass.

An analysis based onl the one-dimen-sional, single velocity assumptions leads tothe result that all microwave amplifiers ofthe beam type (such as traveling-wavetubes, velocity jump amplifiers, klystrons,etc.) have a minimum obtainable noise fig-ure of the form

27rFmin = I +-K(So-ro) (1)

kT

where So and 7r are parameters of the beamnoise expressed in terms of the noise fluctua-

tions at a cross section slightly beyond thepotential minimum in the electron gun, T isthe temperature of the circuit, and K is aconstant of the particular structure em-ployed. Expression (1) holds for any opti-mized noise reducing scheme. It includes, forinstance, a prehelix which is excited by thenoise in the beam and feeds into the mainhelix of a traveling-wave tube in an attemptto cancel part of the noise in the beam. Thedependence of the constant K upon the par-ticular structures used will be discussed.

The Signal to Noise Ratio in the M Car-cinotron-O. Doehler and G. Convert

In this paper measurements are repre-sented concerning the signal to noise ratio inthe M type Carcinotron. The method ofmeasurements is described and the experi-mental results are given. The signal to noiseratio is of the order of 3.10-13/cc/sec for afew kc/su from the oscillating frequency,and 3.10-14/cc/sec for 10 Mc/s from the os-cillating frequency.

The signal to noise ratio increases ap-proximately linearly with anode current.

The analysis of the sole current indicates,that this current is detected noise and it isassumed that growing space charge waves(diocotron effect) are the origin of the noisein the M type Carcinotron.

Physical Mechanism of Noise Generation inMagnetrons-C. G. Lehr and A. L. Collitis,Res. Div., Raytheon Mfg. Co., Walt:ham,Mass.

Measured space-charge admittance val-ues are used to calculate the following quail-tities associated with a traveling-wave cwmagnetron: AM and FM noise; fluctuatinganode current and voltage; and fluctuatingrf voltage. All of these calculated quantities,except the rf voltage, are compared withmeasured values.

An insight into the physical mechanismof magnetron noise generation is obtainedfrom relations between the space-charge ad-mittance values and the electron density onthe one hand, and the rf voltage fluctuationand the electron temperature on the other.

SESSION IV

SUMMARY AND DISCUSSIONOrganizer and Session Chairman: WV. H.

HugginsSession Period: 3:00 P.M.-5 P.M., Friday, No-

vember 19, 1954.Summary of Important Points of Papers-

W. H. Huggins, 15-30 minutesPanel Discussion-30-60 minutesOpen Discussion-Remaining time.

Institute Committees-1954EXECUTIVE,

W. R. Hewlett, ChairmanW. R. G. Baker, Vice-Chairman

Haraden Pratt, SecretaryS. L. Bailey J. R. PierceJ. W. McRae J. D. Ryder

ADMISSIONS

D. C. Pinkerton, ChairmanE. W. Bemis H. R. HollowayH. S. Bennett M. B. KlineC. M. Burrill F. S. Mabry*L. A. Byam *H. G. MillerH. P. Corwith *C. R. Muller*E. T. Dickey D. M. Pasek*J. S. Donal, Jr. G. B. Riley*E. E. Ecklund *N. B. Ritchey*Jerome Fox G. M. Rose, Jr.*N. S. Freedman *0. J. SatherL. 0. Goldstone H. R. TerhuneC. A. Hachemeister *J. H. Vogelman

*J. D. Winer

* Alternates

APPOINTMENTSD. B. Sinclair, Chairman

J. T. Henderson J. R. RagazziniW. R. Hewlett J. D. RyderA. G. Jensen A. WV. Straiton

AWARDSW. M. Rust, Jr., Chairman

R. D. BennettR. M. Bowie

J. F. ByrneD. E. Foster

H. E. HartigJ. F. MorrisonA. B. Oxley

J. D. ReidErnst WeberJ. B. Wiesner

Irving Wolff

CONSTITUTION AND LAWS

A. W. Graf, Chairman

S. L. Bailey J. B. ColemanI. S. Coggeshall R. A. Heising

J. V. L. Hogan

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Pierce, ChairmanD. G. Fink J. W. McRaeE. K. Gannett J. A. StrattonT. A. Hunter W. N. Tuttle

EDITORIAL REVIEW

Robert AdlerH. A. AffelBen AkermanW. J. AlbersheimA. E. AndersonW. S. BachmanJ. T. BangertW. L. BarrowJ. M. BarstowB. L. BasoreB. B. BauerW. R. BeamL. L. BeranekL. V. BerknerP. H. BettsF. J. BingleyJ. T. BolljahnH. G. BookerJ. L. Bower

W. E. BradleyD. R. BrownWerner BuchholzKenneth BullingtonR. S. BurnapJ. H. BurnettR. P. BurrH. J. CarlinT. J. CarrollH. A. ChinnMarvin ChodorowL. J. ChuJ. K. ClappJ. D. CobineR. E. ColanderJ. W. ColtmanJ. M. CoombsA. B. CrawfordM. G. Crosby

C. C. CutlerG. C. DaceySiney DarlingtonW. B. Davenport,A. C. DickiesonMilton DishalMelvin DoelzW. H. DohertyR. B. DomeH. D. DoolittleW. A. EdsonC. H. ElmendorfD. W. EpsteinJess EpsteinW. L. EverittR. M. FanoJ. H. FelkerL. M. FieldJ. W. ForresterG. A. FowlerA. G. FoxG. L. FredendallH. B. FrostE. G. FubiniI. A. GettingL. J. GiacolettoE. N. GilbertM. J. E. GolayBenjamin GoldW. M. GoodallA. W.GrafJ. V. GrangerA. J. GrossmanE. A. GuilleminA. V. HaeffW. W. HarmanD. B. HarrisA. E. HarrisonL. B. HeadrickP. J. Herbst

J. K. HilliardC. J. HirschJ. L. Hollis

Jr. J. H. HowardW. H. HugginsR. G. E. HutterD. D. IsraelE. T. JaynesA. G. JensenHarwick JohnsonE. C. JordanMartin KatzinXW. H. KautzR. D. KellC. R. KnightH. S. KnowlesW. E. KochRudolph KompfnerJ. B. H. KuperF. R. LackA. E. LaemmelM. A. LampertH. B. LawM. T. LebenbaumJ. G. LinvillC. V. LittonF. B. LlewellynS. P. LloydA. W. LoA. V. LoughrenNathan MarchandNathan MarcuvitzF. L. MarxS. J. MasonW. P. MasonWV. J. Mayo-WellsE. D. McArthurD. 0. McCoyKnox McllwainBrockway McMillan

1580 October

IRE News and Radio Notes

R. E. MeagherT. H. MeislingPierre MertzH. R. MimnoS. E. MillerA. R. MooreJ. F. MorrisonE. J. NalosD. 0. NorthH. Q. NorthW. B. NottinghamB. M. OliverH. F. OlsonP. F. OrdungD. E. OysterC. H. PageR. M. PageR. C. PalmerC. H. PapasR. W. PeterH. 0. PetersonJ. M. PettitW. H. PickeringJ. A. PierceW. J. PochA. J. PoteE. M. PurcellC. F. QuateW. H. RadfordJ. R. RagazziniJ. A. RajchmanSimon RamoH. J. RibletD. H. RingStanley RogersT. A. RogersAlbert RoseH. E. RoysV. H. RumseyJ. D. RyderR. M. RyderVincent Salmon

H. A. Samulon0. H. SchadeS. A. SchelkunoffH. H. ScottS. W. SeeleySamuel Seely0. G. SelfridgeSamuel SensiperR. F. SheaR. E. ShelbyGeorge SinclairDavid SlepianC. E. SmithP. T. Smith0. J. M. SmithL. D. SmullinA. H. SommerJ. R. SteenCharles SusskindG. C. SziklaiH. P. ThomasW. G. TullerL. C. Van AttaK. S. Van DykeE. K. Van TasselS. N. Van VoorhisR. L. WVallace, Jr.D. A. WatkinsW. M. WebsterP. K. WeimerJ. R. WeinerLouis WeinbergH. G. WeissJ. M. WestH. A. WheelerJ. R. WhinneryW. D. WhiteW. B. WholeyJ. B. WiesnerW. T. WintringhamIrving WolffWilliam Wright

L. A. Zadeh

EDUCATIONJ. D. Ryder, Chairman

G. R. Arthur D. H. EwingV. A. Babits R. M. FanoW. L. Cassell C. L. FosterC. C. Chambers A. W. Graf

A. E. HarrisonH. E. HartigG. B. HoadleyG. L. HollanderF. S. HowesGlenn KoehlerA. W. MellohH. A. MoenchP. H. NelsonR. E. Nolte

J. M. PettitAlbert PriesmanL. R. QuarlesJ. R. RagazziniF. R. StanselW. N. TuttleD. L. WaidelichL. E. WilliamsD. G. WilsonA. H. Wing, Jr.

FINANCEW. R. G. Baker, Chairman

S. L. Bailey J. W. McRaeW. R. Hewlett J. D. Ryder

HISTORYHaraden Pratt, Chairman

Melville Eastham Lloyd EspenschiedKeith Henney

MEMBERSHIPW. C. White, Chairman

Kipling Adams A. B. OxleyF. W. Albertson George RappaportA. R. Beach D. B. SinclairT. H. Clark G. R. Town(Chairmen of Section Membership Commit-

tees Ex-Officio)(Regional Directors Ex-Officio)

NOMINATIONSD. B. Sinclair, Chairman

A. V. Eastman J. W. McRaeA. W. Graf J. R. RagazziniJ. T. Henderson A. W. Straiton

Irving Wolff

POLICY ADVISORYA. V. Loughren, Chairman

K. C. BlackA. W. GrafFerdinand Ham-

burger, Jr.

A. G. JensenJ. M. PettitJ. R. RagazziniA. W. Straiton

PROFESSIONAL GROUPSW. R. G. Baker, Chairman

A. W. Graf, Vice-Chairman (Central Div.)W. E. Noller, Vice-Chairman (Western Div.)Ernst Weber, Vice-Chairman (Eastern Div.)L. V. BerknerL. M. ClementA. A. GerlachR. A. HeisingJ. T. HendersonD. D. Israel

W. M. Rust, Jr.P. C. SandrettoJ. A. StrattonL. C. Van AttaBen WarrinerA. H. Waynick

(Professional Group Chairmen Ex-Officio)

PUBLIC RELATIONSLewis Winner, Chairman

E. L. Bragdon T. R. KennedyW. C. Copp H. S. RenneE. K. Gannett Bruce RobertsonR. F. Guy L. G. Sands

E. C. Tompson

TELLERSW. F. Bailey, Chairman

J. F. Bisby J. P. MolnarT. M. Ferrill, Jr. B. F. Tyson

Special CommitteesARMED FORCES LIAISON

COMMITTEEG. W. Bailey, Chairman

IRE-IEE INTERNATIONAL LIAISONCOMMITTEE

F. S. BartonRalph BownR. H. DaviesWillis Jackson

F. B. LlewellynC. G. MayerR. L. Smith-RoseJ. A. Stratton

PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITIONG. B. Hoadley, Chairman

C. C. ChambersH. F. Dart

W. E. DonovanC. M. Edwards

Technical CommitteesMAY 1, 1954 TO APRIL 30, 1955

20. STANDARDS COMMITTEEE. Weber, Chairman

M. W. Baldwin, Jr., Vice-ChairmanL. G. Cumming, Vice-Chairman

R. F. Shea, Vice-ChairmanK. E. Anspach-SymbolsJ. Avins-Radio ReceiversB. B. Bauer-ElectroacousticsW. R. Bennett-CircuitsJ. G. Brainerd-Member-at-largeH. Burkhard-FacsimileP. S. Carter-Member-at-LargeP. S. Christaldi-Measurements and Instru-

mentationA. G. Clavier-Member-at-largeW. J. Dodds-Electron DevicesJ. E. Eiselein-Industrial Electronics

A. W. Friend-Recording and ReproducingV. M. Graham-Member-at-largeR. A. Hackbush-Member-at-largeP. J. Herbst-Radio TransmittersA. G. Jensen-Member-at-largeJ. G. Kreer, Jr.-Member-at-largeE. A. Laport-Member-at-largeA. A. Macdonald-Mobile CommunicationsW. P. Mason-Piezoelectric CrystalsWayne Mason-Member-at-largeD. E. Maxwell-Audio TechniquesH. R. Mimno-Navigation AidsC. H. Page-Member-at-largeW. J. Poch-Video TechniquesR. Serrell-Electronic ComputersR. E. Shelby-Television SystemsN. Smith-Wave PropagationP. H. Smith-Antennas and Wave Guides

W. G. Tuller-Information Theory andModulation Systems*

J. E. Ward-Feedback Control Systems* Deceased.

SUBCOMMITTEES20.4 Television Co-ordinationM. W. Baldwin, Jr., Chairman

J. E. Keister

20.5 Definitions CoordiiatingA. W. Baldwin, Jr., Chairman

P. S. Carter J. G. Kreer, Jr.E. A. Laport

1954 1581

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R-E

20.8 Basic Terms

J. G. Brainerd, Chairman

M. W. Baldwin, C. H. Page

2. ANTENNAS AND WAVE-GUIDES

P. H. Smith, ChairmanHenry Jasik, Vice-ChairmanR. L. Mattingly, Secretary

P. S. Carter P. A. LothG. A. Deschamps A. A. OlinerJ. E. Eaton K. S. Packard Jr.H. A. Finke D. C. PortsE. T. Jaynes G. Sinclair0. E. Kienow W. Sichak

W. E. Waller

SUBCOMMITTEES2.2 Waveguide and Transmission Line

Definitions

G. Deschamps, ChairmanWV. Sichak

2.3 Antennas and Waveguides WestCoast Subcommittee

E. T. Jaynes, ChairmanS. Cohn T. MorenoR. S. Elliott S. SilverS. Kerber V. Twerskv

R. S. Wehner

2.4 Waveguide and WaveguideComponent Measurements

H. Jasik, Chairman

P. A. Loth A. A. OlinerW. E. XValler

3. AUDIO TECHNIQUES

D. E. Maxwell, ChairmanI. M. Kerney, Vice-Chairman

0. C. Bixler F. K. HarveyWV. Lindsay Black F. L. HopperC. A. Cady R. A. MillerL. H. Good R. C. MoodyG. H. Grenier L. D. RLunkle

W. E. Stewart

4. CIRCUITSW. R. Bennett, Chairman

S. J. Mason, Vice-ChairmanJ. T. BangertJ. G. BrainerdA. R. D'HeedeneT. R. FinchR. M. FosterW. H. HugginsH. L. KraussJ. G. Linvill

W. A. LynchP. F. OrdungC. H. PageE. H. PerkinsE. J. RobbW. N. TuttleL. WeinbergF. H. Williams

SUBCOMMITTEES4.1 Transistor Circuitry

J. G. Linvill, ChairmanT. R. Finch J. C. LogueR. A. Henle (alter- S. J. Mason

nate) H. L. OwensF. P. Keiper, Jr. J. J. SuranA, W. Lo L. Weinberg

F. H. Williams

4.2 Linear Lumped-Constant PassiveCircuits

L. Weinberg, ChairmanJ. A. AseltineR. Kahal

G. L. MatthaeiJ. G. Truxal

4.3 Circuit TopologyR. M. Foster, Chairman

R. L. Dietzold E. A. GuilleminS. Goldman J. Riordan

4.4 Linear Varying-Parameter andNon-Linear Circuits

W. R. Bennett, ChairmanJ. G. Kreer, Jr. C. H. Page

J. R. Weiner

4.5 Time-Domain Network Analysisand Synthesis

W. H. Huggins, Chairman

S. Goldman J. G. LinvillW. H. Kautz S. J. Mason

D. F. Tuttle, Jr.

4.7 Linear Active Circuits IncludingNetworks with Feedback andServomechanism CircuitsW. A. Lynch, Chairman

E. J. Angelo, Jr.H. LevensteinJ. G. Linvill

J. M. ManleyE. H. PerkinsC. F. Rehberg

4.8 Circuit ComponentsA. R. D'Heedene, Chairman

4.9 Fundamental QuantitiesH. L. Krauss, Chairman

P. F. Ordung J. D. Ryder

6. ELECTROACOUSTICSB. B. Bauer, Chairman

H. C. Hardy, Vice-ChairmanH. L. Barney H. F. OlsonM. Copel V. SalmonW. D. Goodale, Jr. E. S. SeeleyH. S. Knowles P. S. VeneklasenWV. F. Meeker P. B. Williams

7. ELECTRON DEVICESW. J. Dodds, Chairman

W. G. Shepherd, Vice-ChairmanE. M. BooneR. S. BurnapG. A. EspersonWV. R. FerrisT. J. HenryE. 0. JohnsonS. F. KaiselC. G. Lob

L. S. NergaardH. L. OwensD. G. O'NeillP. A. RedheadA. C. RockwoodR. M. RyderR. W. SlinkmanR. G. Stoudenheimer

SUIBCOMMITTEES7.1 Tubes in Which Transit-Time is

Not EssentialT. J. Henry, Chairman

T. A. Elder R. W. SlinkmanW. R. Ferris E. E. SpitzerW. T. Millis A. K. Wing

A. H. Young

7.2 Cathode-Ray and Television TubesC. G. Lob, Chairman

R. B. Janes K. A. HoaglandR. Stoudenheimer

7.2.2 Storage TubesA. S. Luftman, Chairman

A. BramleyJ. BuckbeeA. B. HaeffM. D. HarshR. B. JanesB. Kazan

M. KnollC. C. LarsonW. E. MutterD. S. PeckR. W. SearsP. Youtz

7.3 Gas TubesE. 0. Johnson, Chairman

J. H. Burnett D. E. MarshallA. W. Coolidge G. G. RiskaE. J. Handley M. A. TownsendR. A. Herring W. W. Watrous

H. H. Wittenberg

7.3.1 Task Group on Methods of Testfor TR and ATR TubesK. Garoff, ChairmanJ. Schussele, Secretary

I. BirnbaumW. R. HayterH. Heins

F. McCarthyL. W. RobertsR. Scudder

7.4 Camera Tubes, Phototubes, and StorageTubes in Which Photo-emission is Essential

R. G. Stoudenheimer, ChairmanB. R. Linden B. H. Vine

J. E. White

7.5 Test Methods for High-VacuumMicrowave Tubes

E. M. Boone, Chairman

J. H. Bryant M. E. HinesH. W. Cole R. A. LaPlanteG. A. Espersen R. R. MoatsL. M. Field C. R. MosterM. S. Glass M. NowogrodzkiA. E. Harrison W. G. Shepherd

7.5.1 Task Group on Non-OperatingCharacteristics of Microwave Tubes

M. Nowogrodzki, Chairman

B. ArfinE. M. Boone

M. S. GlassR. C. Hergenrother

E. D. Reed

7.5.2 Task Group on Operating Measure-ments of Microwave Oscillator Tubes

R. R. Moats, ChairmanR. S. BriggsT. P. CurtisC. Dodd

G. E. HackleyA. E. Harrison0. C. Lundstrom

G. I. KleinB. D. KumpferE. C. Okress

W. Teich

7.5.2 Consultants

E. D. McArthurJ. S. NeedleW. G. Shepherd

7.5.3 Task Group on Operating Measure-ments of Microwave Amplifier Tubes

H. W. Cole, Chairman

J. BerlinH. Hersh

R. G. E. HutterP. M. Lally

1582 October

IRE News and Radio Notes

A. W. McEwanC. R. Moster

R. W. PeterS. E. Webber

ConsultantsJ. H. Bryant A. E. HarrisonM. Chodorow M. E. HinesC. C. Cutler V. R. LearnedL. M. Field L. D. Smullin

D. Watkins

7.6 Physical ElectronicsP. A. Redhead, Chairman

J. G. BuckH. B. Frost

C. T. GoddardJ. M. Lafferty

R. M. Matheson

7.7 Solid State Devices

(Meets jointly with the AIEE Committee onSemiconductors)

R. M. Ryder, Chairman (IRE)J. P. Jordan, Chairman (AIEE)

V. P. Mathis, SecretaryJ. B. AngellS. J. AngelloC. A. ClarkeR. L. CrosbyF. M. DukatJ. J. EbersR. S. FallowsJ. R. FlegalH. GoldbergW. R. GranthamH. F. HeathJ. R. Hyneman

W. H. LaphamC. W. MuellerH. Q. NorthW. J. PietenpolR. L. PritchardA. D. RittmannJ. R. RoederB. J. RothleinC. L. RouaultJ. W. SeesH. V. SacharA. G. Coblenz

7.7.2 Methods of Test for Transistors forLinear CW Transmission Service

C. L. Roualt (AIEE), ChairmanD. A. Alsberg A. CoblenzA. E. Anderson L. J. Giacoletto

A. W. Lampe

7.7.3 Semiconductors-DefinitionsS. J. Angello, Chairman

J. M. EarlyM. F. Lamonte

B. J. RothleinJ. S. Schaffner

K. Uhler

7.7.4 Methods of Test for Transistorsfor Pulse Service

W. H. Lapham, ChairmanR. L. Trent, Secretary

A. W. Berger N. H. OdellC. Huang R. L. Wooley

8. ELECTRONIC COMPUTERSR. Serrell, Chairman

D. R. Brown, Vice-ChairmanS. N. AlexanderR. D. ElbournM. Middleton, Jr.C. D. MorrillG. W. PattersonJ. A. RajchmanN. Rochester

C. V. L. SmithR. L. Snyder, Jr.W. H. WareC. R. WayneJ. R. WeinerC. F. WestWay Dong Woo

SUBCOMMITTEES8.3 Static Storage Elements

J. Rajchman, Chairman

A. 0. Black H. R. BrownellT. H. Bonn T. C. Chen

E. Gelband A. NymanM. K. Haynes W. M. PapianC. G. Horstman E. A. SandsM. Littmann N. B. Saunders

D. H. Toth

8.4 Definitions (Eastern Division)L. Hobbs, Chairman

R. D. Elbourn G. W. PattersonR. P. Mayer N. Rochester

L. D. Wilson

8.5 Definitions (Western Division)W. H. Ware, Chairman

H. T. Larson W. S. SpeerW. E. Smith R. Thorensen

L. D. Stevens

8.6 Magnetic Recording forComputing Purposes

S. N. Alexander, Chairman

9. FACSIMILEH. Burkhard, Chairman

A. G. Cooley, Vice-ChairmanJ. CallahanD. FrezzoliniJ. HackenbergM. F. HodgesJ. V. HoganB. H. KlyceL. R. LankesS. A. Lawson

P. MertzK. R. McConnellK. W. PflegerM. P. RehmH. C. ResslerC. J. YoungR. J. WiseK. Woloschak

26. FEEDBACK CONTROLSYSTEMS

J. E. Ward, ChairmanM. R. Aaron D. L. LippittG. S. Axelby J. C. LozierG. A. Biernson W. M. PeaseV. B. Haas, Jr. E. A. SabinR. J. Kochenburger P. TraversD. P. Lindorff R. B. WilcoxW. K. Linvill S. B. Williams

F. R. Zatlin

SUBCOMMITTEE26.1 Terminology for Feedback

Control SystemsM. R. Aaron, ChairmanV. Azgapetian, Secretary

G. R. ArthurT. Flynn

J. C. LozierC. F. Rehberg

F. Zweig

10. INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICSJ. E. Eiselein, Chairman

E. Mittelmann, Vice-ChairmanG. P. Bosomworth P. E. OhmartJ. M. Cage H. W. ParkerE. W. Chapin S. I. RamboJ. L. Dalke W. RichterC. W. Frick W. C. RuddH. C. Gilespie E. H. SchulzT. P. Kinn C. F. SpitzerH. R. Meahl W. R. ThurstonJ. H. Mennie M. P. Vore

J. Weinberger

10.1 Definitions for Inductionand Dieletric Heating

C. F. Spitzer, ChairmanG. P. Bosomworth J. DalkeJ. M. Cage E. Mittelmann

W. Richter

10.2 Dielectric Measurements

J. Dalke, ChairmanG. W. KlingamanH. R. Meahl

J. H. MennieC. F. Spitzer

10.4 Methods of MeasurementE. Mittelmann, Chairman

J. M. Cage S. I. RamboJ. L. Dalke E. H. Schulz

W. R. Thurston

11. INFORMATION THEORYAND MODULATION

SYSTEMSW. G. TuIler, Chairman

J. G. Kreer, Jr., Vice-ChairmanP. L. Bargellini D. D. GriegW. R. Bennett H. W. KohlerT. P. Cheatham, Jr. E. R. KretzmerW. B. Davenport, Jr. V. D. LandonL. A. DeRosa N. MarchandP. Elias L. A. Meacham

D. Pollack

25. MEASUREMENTS ANDINSTRUMENTATIONP. S. Christaldi, Chairman

J. H. Mulligan, Jr., Vice-ChairmanM. J. Ackerman W. J. Mayo-WellsJ. L. Dalke G. A. MortonG. L. Fredendall C. D. OwensW. D. George A. P. G. PetersonG. B. Hoadley J. G. Reid, Jr.

R. Showers

SUBCOMMITTEES25.1 Basic Standards and

Calibration MethodsW. D. George, Chairman

S. L. Bailey G. L. DaviesF. J. Gaffney

25.2 Dielectric Measurements

J. L. Dalke, ChairmanC. A. Bieling F. A. Muller

25.3 Magnetic MeasurementsC. D. Owens, Chairman

W. CairnesG. S. Fay

G. I. GordonP. H. Haas

E. J. Smith

25.4 Audio-Frequency MeasurementsA. P. G. Peterson, Chairman

R. Grim R. A. Long

25.5 Video Frequency MeasurementsG. L. Fredendall, Chairman

J. Fisher H. A. SamulonR. Palmer A. J. Talamini, Jr.

W. R. Thurston

1954 1583

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R-E

25.6 High Frequency MeasurementsR. V. Lowman, Chairman Joint AIEE-IRE

Committee on High FrequencyMeasurements

G. B. Hoadley, Chairman, IRESubcommittee 25.6

R. A. Braden E. W. HoughtonI. G. Easton D. KeimF. J. Gaffney B. M. Oliver

B. Parzen

25.8 Interference MeasurementsR. Showers, Chairman

F. H. Dickson C. W. FrickH. E. Dinger F. M. Greene

A. W. Sullivan

25.9 Measurement of Radio ActivityG. A. Morton, Chairman

R. L. Butenhoff D. L. JohnstonD. L. Collins M. A. SchultzL. Costrell W. W. Schultz

25.10 OscillographyM. J. Ackerman, Chairman

F. J. Bloom G. R. Mezger (alter-P. S. Christaldi nateM. E. Clark N. E. Schick (alter-D. P. Heaco*ck nate)H. M. Joseph A. L. Stillwell

H. Vollum

25.13 TelemeteringW. J. Mayo-Wells, Chairman

J. L. Blackburn F. W. LehanJ. F. Brinster E. E. LynchR. E. Colander M. G. PawleyA. P. Gruer W. E. PhillipsR. L. Harding G. M. ThynellC. H. Hoeppner F. L. VerwiebeM. V. Kiebert G. F. C. Weedon

W. A. Wildhack

25.14 Electronic ComponentsJ. G. Reid, Jr., Chairman

M. B. Carlton A. E. JavitzG. B. Devey J. H. MuncyJ. W. Gruol F. A. PaulJ. N. Hall E. R. Schnauss

16. MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS

A. A. Macdonald, ChairmanJ. Craig D. E. NobleA. V. Dasburg J. C. O'BrienD. B. Harris D. TalleyC. M. Heiden G. TeommeyC. N. Kimball, Jr. R. W. TuttleN. Monk A. Whitney

12. NAVIGATION AIDSH. R. Mimno, ChairmanW. Palmer, Vice-Chairman

W. B. Burgess H. I. MetzH. Davis A. G. RichardsonR. E. Gray L. M. Sherer

SUBCOMMITTEES12.2 Standard DF Measurements

E. D. Blodgett, ChairmanJ. Kaplan, Vice ChairmanR. Silberstein, Secretary

A. D. Bailey F. M. KratokvilH. I. Butler A. A. KunzeJ. J. Kelleher J. T. Lawrence

H. R. MimnoW. M. RichardsonJ. A. SolgaJ. 0. Spriggs

C. A. Strom, Jr.S. R. ThriftJ. H. TrexlerH. W. von Dohlen

12.3 Measurement Standards forNavigation Systems

F. Moskowitz, ChairmanS. B. Fishbein, Secretary

P. Adams G. LitchfordR. Alexandr J. T. MacLemoreS. Anderson J. S. PritchardR. Battle P. RickettsP. Hansel V. Weihe

14. PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALSW. P. Mason, ChairmanH. Jaffe, Vice-Chairman

R. Bechmann W. D. GeorgeW. G. Cady E. GerberJ. K. Clapp S. RobertsW. A. Edson P. L. Smith1. E. Fair R. A. Sykes

K. S. Van Dyke

17. RADIO RECEIVERSJ. Avins, Chairman

J. D. Reid, Vice-ChairmanK. A. Chittick F. R. NortonL. E. Closson L. RibmanD. E. Harnett L. M. RodgersK. W. Jarvis S. W. SeeleyJ. K. Johnson R. F. SheaW. R. Koch W. 0. SwinyardI. J. Melman F. B. UphoffG. Mountjoy R. S. Yoder

SUBCOMMITTEES17.4 Spurious RadiationR. F. Shea, Chairman

A. AugustineJ. AvinsE. W. ChapinK. A. ChittickH. E. DingerR. J. FarberA. B. GlennW. R. KochT. S. LoeserR. A. Maher

F. L. PampleL. M. RodgersE. H. SchrotH. SchwarzS. W. SeeleyC. G. SerightW. B. SmithJ. W. StratmanW. 0. SwinyardH. J. Tyzzer

R. S. Yoder

17.8 Television ReceiversW. 0. Swinyard, Chairman

J. Avins I. J. MelmanE. C. Freeland B. S. ParmetW. J. Gruen E. Pufahl

G. F. Rogers

17.9 Loop ReceiversL. E. Closson, Chairman

V. Beck W. R. KochR. A. Bell J. R. LockeR. J. Farber C. G. Seright

17.10 Automatic Frequency andPhase Control

F. B. Uphoff, ChairmanR. Davies L. Riebman

L. Rodgers

15. RADIO TRANSMITTERSP. J. Herbst, Chairman

H. Goldberg, Vice-ChairmanT. E. Ahlstedt M. R. BriggsJ. H. Battison A. Brown

H. R. ButlerW. R. DonsbachL. K. FindleyR. M. Gluyas, Jr.H. E. GoldstineJ. B. HeffelfingerA. E. KerwienL. A. Looney

J. F. McDonaldS. M. MorrisonJ.RustonH. B. SeabrookG. W. SellersB. SheffieldN. B. TharpU. R. Weir

SUBCOMMITTEES15.1 FM TransmittersJ. Ruston, Chairman

J. Bose N. MarchandJ. R. Boykin P. Osborne

H. P. Thomas

15.2 Radio-Telegraph Transmittersup to 50 MC

B. Sheffield, ChairmanH. R. Butler J. F. McDonaldJ. L. Finch F. D. Webster

I. R. Weir

15.3 Double Sideband AM TransmittersJ. B. Heffelfinger, Chairman

R. B. Beetham D. H. HaxW. T. Bishop, Jr. L. A. LooneyL. K. Findley E. J. Martin, Jr.

15.4 Pulse-Modulated TransmittersH. Goldberg, Chairman

R. Bateman G. F. MontgomeryL. L. Bonham W. K. Roberts

B. D. Smith

15.5 Single Sideband Radio Communi-cation Transmitters

Adamant Brown, ChairmanJ. P. Costas A. E. KerwienH. E. Goldstine E. A. LaportL. Kahn J. B. Singel

15.6 Television Broadcast TransmittersT. M. Gluyas, Jr., Chairman

F. J. Bias L. A. LooneyE. Bradburd J. Ruston

19. RECORDING ANDREPRODUCING

A. W. Friend, ChairmanL. Thompson, Vice-Chairman

M. S. Corrington, Vice-ChairmanS. J. Begun C. B. Pear, Jr.M. Camras A. P. G. PetersonE. W. D'Arcy H. E. RoysS. M. Fairchild T. G. VealR. M. Fraser C. F. WestC. J. LeBel A. H. Willis

A. Zuckerman (RETMA liaison)

SUBCOMMITTEES19.1 Magnetic RecordingR. C. Moyer, Chairman

J. S. Boyers C. B. PearM. Camras A. P. G. PetersonE. W. D'Arcy R. A. Von BehrenW. H. Erikson A. H. Willis

19.2 Mechanical RecordingL. Thompson, Chairman

W. S. Bachman F. W. RobertsS. M. Fairchild M. F. RoystonA. R. Morgan R. A. SchlegelR. C. Moyer A. S. R. Toby

1584 October

IRE News and Radio Notes

19.3 Optical RecordingT. G. Veal, Chairman

P. Fish J. A. MaurerR. M. Fraser E. Miller

C. Townsend

19.4 DistortionA. P. G. Peterson, Chairman

M. S. Corrington C. J. LeBel

19.5 FlutterH. E. Roys, Chairman

F. A. Comerci U. FurstS. M. Fairchild C. J. LeBel

CCIR Liaison Group of IRE Committee 19H. E. Roys, Chairman (Representative)

A. W. Friend (Alternate)W. S. Bachman R. C. MoyerR. M. Fraser L. Thompson

21. SYMBOLSK. E. Anspach, Chairman

H. R. Terhune, Vice ChairmanF. M. Bailey C. NeitzertW. J. Everts M. B. ReedW. A. Ford A. C. Reynolds, Jr.R. T. Haviland M. P. Robinson0. T. Laube M. S. SmithC. D. Mitchell R. M. Stern

H. P. Westman

SUBCOMMITTEES21.2 Graphical Symbols for Semiconductors

M. P. Robinson, ChairmanR. A. Henle C. D. MitchellR. F. Merrithew J. G. WeissmanW. H. Miller H. J. Woll

L. B. Valdes

2)1.3 Subcommittee on Functional Repre-sentation of Control, Computing and

Switching EquipmentA. C. Reynolds, Jr., Chairman

T. G. Cober F. T. MeyerC. W. Frank E. W. OlcottJ. W. Gorgas J. S. OsborneH. F. Herbig G. PattersonG. W. Hobbs S. W. RobertsH. P. Kraatz F. J. Roehm

F. M. Sokol

21.4 Subcommittee on Abbreviations, LetterSymbols, and Graphical Symbols for

Feedback Control SystemsF. M. Bailey, Chairman

H. Freeman V. J. LoudenT. F. Mahoney

21.5 Subcommittee on New Proposalsand Special AssignmentsM. P. Robinson, Chairman

21.7 Letter SymbolsC. Neitzert, Chairman

22. TELEVISION SYSTEMSR. E. Shelby, Chairman

W. T. Wintringham, Vice-ChairmanW. F. Bailey A. G. JensenM. W. Baldwin, Jr. I. J. KaarR. M. Bowie R. D. KellJ. E. Brown H. T. LymanK. A. Chittick L. MautnerC. G. Fick J. MinterD. G. Fink A. F. MurrayP. C. Goldmark D. W. PugsleyR. N. Harmon D. B. SmithJ. E. Hayes M. E. StriebyJ. L. Hollis A. Talamini

SUBCOMMITTEES22.1 Definitions

M. W. Baldwin, Jr., ChairmanA. V. Bedford D. L. MacAdamR. P. Burr H. A. SamulonS. Helt E. SieminskiJ. M. Hollywood R. E. Waggener

W. T. Wintringham

22.2 Television Picture ElementR. M. Bowie, Chairman

W. E. Bradley P. MertzS. Helt H. A. SamulonD. C. Livingston 0. H. Schade

23. VIDEO TECHNIQUESW. J. Poch, Chairman

A. J. Baracket, Vice-ChairmanS. W. Athey V. J. DukeJ. Battison G. L. FredendallE. E. Benham J. R. HefeleK. B. Benson J. L. JonesE. M. Coan C. G. PierceR. DeBaun B. F. TysonS. Doba, Jr. H. E. Weppler

SUBCOMMITTEES23.2 Utilization, Including Video Recording:

Methods of MeasurementS. W. Athey, Chairman

K. B. Benson R. L. GarmanJ. M. Brumbaugh G. GordonV. J. Duke L. D. Grignon

H. Milholland

23.3 Video Systems and Components:Methods of MeasurementA. J. Baracket, Chairman

I. C. Abrahams J. R. HefeleR. Betts A. LindG. L. Fredendall N. E. Sprecher

J. F. Wiggin

23.4 Video Signal Transmission:Methods of Measurement

J. L. Jones, ChairmanJ. M. Barstow L. R. MoffettK. B. Benson R. M. MorrisR. D. Chipp K. E. MullengerS. Doba, Jr. R. S. O'BrienM. E. Gloystein E. H. Schreiber

B. F. Tyson

24. WAVE PROPAGATIONN. Smith, Chairman

E. W. Allen, Jr.S. L. BaileyA. R. BeachH. G. BookerK. BullingtonC. R. BurrowsT. J. CarrollA. B. CrawfordA. Earl Cullum, Jr.W. S. DutteraH. E. DingerR. E. FontanaI. H. GerksF. M. Greene

M. KatzinD. E. KerrM. KlineR. K. MooreM. G. MorganK. A. NortonH. 0. PetersonG. SinclairR. L. Smith-RoseH. StarasA. W. StraitonA. H. WaynickJ. W. WrightT. A. Wright

SUBCOMMITTEES24.1 Standard Practices

H. 0. Peterson, ChairmanW. S. Duttera G. SinclairF. M. Greene J. W. Wright

24.2 Theory and Application ofTropospheric Propagation

T. Carroll, ChairmanH. G. Booker A. B. Crawford

A. W. Straiton

24.3 Theory and Application ofIonospheric PropagationM. G. Morgan, Chairman

R. Bateman R. A. HelliwellK. L. Bowles C. W. McLeish

J. H. Meek

24.4 Definitions and PublicationsH. Staras, Chairman

A. B. Crawford I. H. GerksJ. E. Eaton M. KatzinE. G. Fubini D. E. Kerr

G. Sinclair

24.6 Radio AstronomyC. R. Burrows, Chairman

A. E. Covington F. T. Haddock, Jr.J. P. Hagen

24.7 Terrestrial Radio NoiseH. Dinger, Chairman

INSTITUTE REPRESENTATIVES IN COLLEGES 1954*Agricultural and Mechanical College of

Texas: H. C. Dillingham*Akron, Univ. of: P. C. Smith*Alabama Polytechnic Inst.: R. M. Steere*Alberta, Univ. of: Appointment later*Arizona, Univ. of: H. E. Stewart*Arkansas, Univ. of: W. W. Cannon*British Columbia, Univ. of: A. D. Moore*Brooklyn Poly. Institute (Day Div.):

L. Goldstone

Colleges with approved Student Branches.

*Brooklyn Poly. Inst. (Eve. Div.): G. J. Kent*Brown University: C. Angulo*Bucknell Univ.: G. Irland*California Inst. of Tech.: Appointment later*California State Polytechnic College: C.

Radius*California, Univ. of: H. J. ScottCalifornia, Univ. of at Los Angeles: E. F.

King*Carnegie Inst. of Tech.: J. B. Woodford, Jr.*Case Inst. of Tech.: Appointment later*Cincinnati, Univ. of: A. B. Bereskin

*Clarkson Coll. of Tech.: Appointment later*Colorado Agricultural & Mechanical Col-

lege: C. C. Britton*Colorado, Univ. of: W. G. Worcester*Columbia University: L. O'Neill*Connecticut, Univ. of: G. W. Johnson*Cooper Union School of Engineering: J. B.

Sherman*Cornell University: T. McLeanDartmouth College: M. G. Morgan*Dayton, Univ. of: L. H. Rose*Delaware, Univ. of: H. S. Bueche

1954 1585

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R-E

*Denver, Univ. of: R. C. Webb*Detroit, Univ. of: T. Yamauchi*Drexel Institute of Technology: R. T. ZernDuke University: H. A. Owen*Fenn College: K. S. Sherman*Florida, Univ. of: S. P. Sashoff*George Washington Univ.: G. Abraham*Georgia Institute of Technology: B. J.

DasherHarvard University: R. W. P. King*Illinois Inst. of Tech.: G. T. Flesher*Illinois, Univ. of: P. F. Schwarzlose*Iowa, State Uniiv. of: L. A. Ware*Iowa State College: G. A. Richardson*John Carroll University: J. L. Hunter*Johns Hopkins Univ.: F. Hamburger, Jr.*Kansas State College: J. E. Wolfe*Kansas, Univ. of: D. G. Wilson*Kentucky, Univ. of: N. B. Allison*Lafayette College: F. W. Smith*Lehigh University: D. E. Mode*Louisiana State University: L. V. McLean*Louisville, Univ. of: S. T. Fife*Maine, Univ. of: Appointment later*Manhattan College: T. P. CanavanManitoba, Univ. of: H. Haakonsen*Marquette University: Appointment later*Maryland, Univ. of: H. W. Price*Massachusetts, Univ. of: C. S. Roys*Massachusetts Institute of Technology:

W. H. Radford, E. A. GuilleminMcGill University: F. S. Howes*Miami, Univ. of: F. B. Lucas*Michigan College of Mining & Technology:

R. J. Jones*Michigan State College: I. 0. Ebert*Michigan, Univ. of: L. N. Holland*Minnesota, Univ. of: LeRoy Anderson*Mississippi State College: P. T. Hutchison

*Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy:G. G. Skitek

*Missouri, Univ. of: G. V. Lago*Montana State College: R. C. Seibel*Nebraska, Univ. of: C. W. Rook*Newark College of Engineering: D. W.

DickeyNevada, Univ. of: I. J. Sandorf*New Hampshire, Univ. of: A. L. Winn*New Mexico College of Agriculture & Me-

chanic Arts: H. A. Brown*New Mexico, Univ. of: Appointment later*New York, College of City of: H. Wolf*New York University (Day and Eve. Div.):

S. Shamis*North Carolina State Coll.: G. B. Hoadley*North Dakota Agric. Coll.: E. M. Anderson*North Dakota, Univ. of: C. Thomforde*Northeastern University: J. S. Rochefort*Northwestern University: A. H. Wing, Jr.*Notre Dame, Univ. of: H. E. Ellithorn*Ohio University: D. B. Green*Ohio State University: R. A. Neubauer*Oklahoma Agri. & Mechanical College:

A. L. BettsOklahoma, Univ. of: C. L. Farrar*Oregon State College: A. L. Albert*Pennsylvania, Univ. of: D. F. Hunt*Pennsylvania, The State Univ.: J. N. War-

field*Pittsburgh, Univ. of: John Brinda, Jr.*Pratt Institute: David Vitrogan*Princeton University: N. W. Mather*Purdue University: R. P. SiskindQueens University: H. H. Stewart*Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst.: H. D. Harris*Rhode Island, Univ. of: R. S. HaasRice Institute: C. R. WischmeyerRose Polytechnic Institute: H. A. Moench*Rutgers University: J. L. Potter

*St. Louis University: G. E. Dreifke*San Diego State College: D. C. Kalbfell*San Jose State College: H. EngwichtSanta Clara, Univ. of: H. P. Nettesheim*Seattle University: Appointment later*South Carolina, Univ. of: Appoinitment

later*South Dakota School of Mines & Technol-

ogy: Appointment later*Southern Calif., Univ. of: G. W. Reynolds*Southern M-hodist Univ.: Paul Harton*Stanford University: C. Suskind*Stevens Inst. of Tech.: A. C. Gilmore, Jr.*Syracuse, Univ. of: H. Hellerman*Tennessee, Univ. of: Sherwood King*Texas, Univ. of: H. W. Smith*Texas Technological College: H. A. Spuhler*Toledo, Univ. of: R. E. WVeeber*Toronto, Univ. of: G. Sinclair*Tufts College: A. H. Howell*Tulane University: J. A. CronvichUnited States Naval Post Graduate School:

G. R. Giet*Utah, Univ. of: C. L. Alley*Utah State Agric. Coll.: Clayton Clark*Vermont, Univ. of: W. L. Steinmann*Villanova College: J. A. Klekotka*Virginia Polytech. Inst.: R. R. Wright*Virginia, Univ. of: J. C. Mace*Washington, Univ. of: Floyd D. Robbins*Washington University: Herbert Crosby*Wayne University: D. V. StockerWestern Ontario, Univ. of: E. H. Tull, J. H.

Blackwell*West Virginia University: E. Keener*Wisconsin, Univ. of: Glenn KoehlerWitwatersrand, Univ. of: G. R. Bozzoli*Worcester Polytech. Inst.: H. H. Newell*Wyoming, Univ. of: WV. M. Mallory*Yale University: J. G. Skalnik

INSTITUTE REPRESENTATIVES ON OTHER BODIES 1954ASA Conference of Executives of Organiza-

tion Members: G. W. Bailey; L. G. Cum-ming, alternate

ASA Standards Council: A. G. Jensen; ErnstWeber, L. G. Cumming, alternates

ASA Electrical Standards Board: F. B.Llewellyn, A. G. Jensen, L. G. Cumming

ASA Graphic Standards Board: K. E. Ans-pach; H. R. Terhune, alternate

ASA Sectional Committee (C16) on Radio(Sponsored by IRE): S. L. Bailey, Chair-man, L. G. Cumming, Secretary; E.Weber, J. Avins

ASA Sectional Committee (C39) on Electri-cal Measuring Instruments: F. J. Gaff-ney

ASA Sectional Committee (C42) on Defini-tions of Electrical Terms: M. W. Bald-win, Jr., A. G. Jensen, H. Pratt, J. G.Brainerd

ASA Subcommittee (C42.1) on GeneralTerms: J. G. Brainerd

ASA Subcommittee (C42.6) on Electrical In-struments: Ernst Weber

ASA Subcommittee (C42.13) on Communi-cations: J. C. Schelleng

ASA Subcommittee (C42.14) on ElectronTubes: G. D. O'Neill

ASA Sectional Committee (C60) on Stand-ardization on Electron Tubes: L. S. Ner-gaard, C. E. Fay

ASA Sectional Committee (C61) on Electricand Magnetic Magnitudes and Units:

S. A. Schelkunoff, J. W. Horton, E. S.Purington

ASA Sectional Committee (C63) on Radio-Electrical Coordination: C. C. Chambers

ASA Sectional Committee (C67) on Stand-ardization of Voltages-Preferred Volt-ages-100 Volts and Under: No IREVoting Representative; Liaison: J. R.Steen

ASA Sectional Committee (C83) on Com-ponents for Electronic Equipment: P. K.McElroy

ASA Sectional Committee (YI) on Abbrevi-ations: K. E. Anspach; H. R. Terhune,alternate

ASA Sectional Committee (Y10) on LetterSymbols and Abbreviations for Scienceand Engineering: H. R. Terhune; K. E.Anspach, alternate

ASA Subcommittee (Y10.9) on Letter Sym-bols for Radio: K. E. Anspach, Chairman

ASA Subcommittee (Y10.14) on Nomen-clature for Feedback Control Systems:J. E. Ward, W. A. Lynch, George A.Biernson

ASA Sectional Committee (Y14) on Stand-ards for Drawing and Drafting RoomPractices: Austin Bailey; K. E. Anspach,alternate

ASA Sectional Committee (Y15) on Pre-ferred Practice for the Preparation ofGraphs, Charts and Other Technical Il-lustrations: H. R. Terhune; M. P. Robin-

son, alternateASA Sectional Committee (Y32) on Graph-

ical Symbols and Designations: AustinBailey, K. E. Anspach, A. F. Pomeroy,alternate

ASA Sectional Committee (Z17) on Pre-ferred Numbers: A. F. Van Dyck

ASA Sectional Committee (Z24) on Acousti-cal Measurements and Terminology:Hugh S. Knowles; H. F. Olson, alternate

ASA Sectional Committee (Z57) on SoundRecording: Neal McNaughten, Chair-man, H. E. Roys, representative; A. W.Friend, alternate

ASA Sectional Committee (Z58) on Stand-ardization of Optics: E. Dudley Goodale;L. G. Cumming, alternate

Joint IRE-AIEE-NEMA Co-ordinationCommittee on Commercial Inductionand Dielectric Heating Apparatus: Jo-seph E. Eiselein; George P. Bosomworth,alternate

International Scientific Radio Union (URSI)Executive Committee: S. L. Bailey

U. S. National Committee, InternationalElectrotechnical Commission, Adviserson Symbols: Austin Bailey, KennethAnspach; A. F. Pomeroy, alternate

U. S. National Committee, InternationalElectrotechnical Commission, Adviserson Electrical Measuring Instruments:F. J. Gaffney

U. S. National Committee of the Interna-

1586 October

A bstracts of Transactions of the I.R.E.

tional Electrotechnical Commission:F. B. Llewellyn, A. G. Jensen, L. G.Cumming

Joint IRE-AIEE Committee on High Fre-quency Measurements: R. V. Lowman,R. A. Braden, I. G. Easton, F. J. Gaff-ney, G. B. Hoadley, H. W. Houghton,David Y. Keim, B. M. Oliver, B. Parzen

International Radio Consultative Commit-tee, Executive Committee of U. S. Dele-gation: A. G. Jensen; L. G. Cumming,alternate

Joint IRE-SMPTE-NARTB Committee forInter-Society Coordination (Television)(JCIC): W. J. Poch; M. W. Baldwin, al-ternate

National Electronics Conference: A. W.Graf (1954)

National Research Council-Division of En-gineering and Industrial Reserch: F. B.Llewellyn (7/1/54-6/30/57), 3 yrs.

American Association for the Advancementof Science: Professor J. C. Jensen(7/1/54-6/30-56), 2 yrs.

Abstracts of Transactions of the I.R.E.-

AERONAUTICAL AND NAVIGA-TIONAL ELECTRONICS

Vol. ANE-1, No. 2, June, 1954

Report on the Dayton Conference-K. C.Black

The Long Quest-P. C. Sandretto (Edi-torial)

Radio Altimeter-M. CapelliThis paper discusses the fundamental prin-

ciples underlying the operation of radio altim-eters of the frequency modulation type. Thediscussion is related to work done by STC indevelopment of an accurate short-range radioaltimeter. Ideal and practical solutions of theproblems involved are explained by means of anumber of graphs and discussions of suchpoints of interest as type of frequency sweep,instantaneous frequency measurement versus

average rate counting, step effect and minimumrange. The paper ends with a specification ofoperating parameters for a practical radio al-timeter.

Flare-Out Unit AN/APN-71, an Aid to Air-craft Instrument Landing-D. M. Pasek andW. J. Shanahan

Navy's New Altimeter, the AN/APN-22-F. T. Wimberly and J. F. Lane, Jr.

This paper describes a frequency modula-tion type of radio altimeter developed for theNavy Department, Bureau of Aeronautics. Itoperates in the frequency band 4,200 to 4,400megacycles and has a range of 0-10,000 feetover land and 0-20,000 feet over water. Theaccuracy is ± 2 feet from 0 to 40 feet and ±5%from 40 feet to 20,000 feet. The equipment isdesigned to meet standard Navy specificationsas to environmental conditions. Total weightis 30 pounds. Altitude is displayed on a singledial indicator, linearly calibrated over 120 de-grees for the range 0-200 feet, and approxi-mately logarithmically for the remaining 190degrees.

In addition to the indicator, the equipmentcomprises a transmitter-receiver and a control

amplifier. The former is flush mounted andcontains the antennas, transmitting magnetron,and receiver crystals. The latter generates thebasic FM sweep voltage, provides synch signalsto operate the indicator, and furnishes thepower for the complete system.

A feature of the system is a flag alarm warn-

ing which operates when the received signal-to-noise ratio is too low for reliable indications.The system will operate in banks up to 50° anddives and climbs of 600.

Nonquantized Frequency-Modulated Altim-eter-H. P. Kalmus, J. C. Cacheris andH. A. Dropkin

A new principle that makes possible non-

quantized altitude information so that the ac-

curate range of altimeters can be extended toinclude low-level operation is described. A fre-quency shifter is inserted between the local os-

cillator and the mixer in order to remove the in-herent error in conventional altimeters thatmakes them objectionable for low-altitudeoperation. The authors show how the character-istic of the amplifier can be shaped differentlyand point out that the strength of the returnsignal and the inherent amplitude modulationdetermine the most suitable characteristic forany particular operating condition.

ANTENNAS AND PROPA-GATION

Vol. AP-2, No. 4, October, 1954News and ViewsAnalysis of Helical Transmission Lines by

Means of the Complete Circuit Equations-V. J. Fowler

A set of integro-differential equations, calledthe "complete circuit equations," are derivedfrom Maxwell's equations and applied to thesolution of the parallel-wire transmission line,the double-helix transmission line, and the sin-gle helix, or helical waveguide. These equationstake into account the effects of inductance andcapacitance distribution, retardation, and out-

ward radiation. A generalization of earlierconcepts of distributed inductance and elast-ance (or inverse capacitance) is manifest in thesolution of the helical line, where these quanti-ties become functions of the phase coefficient or

wavelength of propagation and are Fouriertransforms of certain closed-form distributionfunctions. In general, phase velocity is a com-

plicated implicit function of frequency, butunder a hypothesis of "mode segregation on thebasis of wavelength," the phase velocity andfrequency can be obtained parametrically interms of a third variable, called the phaseparameter. Using this hypothesis, plots of phasevelocity and characteristic impedance versusfrequency were obtained for the double helixand the helical waveguide.

Radiation From a Vertical Dipole Over aStratified Ground-J. R. Wait and W. A.Fraser

Further results are given for the problem ofa vertical electrical dipole situated over ahorizontally stratified conductor. It is pointedout that under certain conditions, the surface-wave field intensity for a stratified conductingground is greater than the corresponding casefor a perfectly conducting ground. Numericalvalues for the attenuation factor are alsogiven.

A Waveguide Array for Solar Noise Studies-H. Gruenberg

A description is given of a 150-foot slottedwaveguide array which was built for solar noisestudies at wavelengths near 10.3 centimeters.Some of the problems associated with the de-sign of such an array are discussed.

Dielectric Sheet Radiators-F. E. Butter-field

A class of electromagnetic radiators is de-scribed which employs the principle of wave-guiding along a flat surface by means of dielec-tric coating. Radiation occurs as the result ofnonuniformities in the guiding system. Theefficiency of the feeding arrangements and dif-fraction over the edge of the flat surface are fac-tors in the side-lobe level observed. A unit isdescribed which has been used aboard missiles.

A series of tests are reported which illustratesome of the characteristics of the radiators.Data for comparison with corrugated surfaceantennas is given. Problems for further in-vestigation are listed.

An experimental unit is described with a

gain of 25 db and an efficiency compared toconventional aperture radiators of about 60 percent. This unit has linear dimensions compara-ble to a horn producing the same beamwidth.

Evaluation of Errors in an Eight-ElementAdco*ck Antenna-J. R. Wait and W. A. Pope

An analysis is given for the response of an

eight-element direction finding antenna to a

localized radio-frequency source. The error be-tween the indicated and true bearing is evalu-ated and illustrated by graphs. It is also shownthat the additional error, introduced by bring-ing the source into proximity of the antennasystem is negligible if the antenna-source dis-tance is greater than 5X. This is an importantconsideration in the calibration of the system.

An Exact Step-Up Impedance Ratio Chartof a Folded Antenna-Y. Mushiake

The following issues of "Transactions" have just been published, and arenow available from The Institute of Radio Engineers, Inc., 1 East 79 Street,New York 21, N. Y. at the following prices. The contents of each issue and,where available, abstracts of technical papers are given below.

SponorinGrop Pulicaion Group IRE Non-Sponsoring Group Publication Members Members Members*

Aeronautical and Navi-gational Electronics Vol. ANE-1, No. 2 $ .95 $1.40 $2.85

Antennas and Propa-gation Vol. AP-2, No. 4 1.50 2.25 4.50

Electron Devices Vol. ED-1, No. 3 1.40 2.10 4.20Electronic Computers Vol. EC-3, No. 3 1.80 2.70 5.40

* Public libraries and colleges can purchase copies at IRE Member rates.

1954 1587

PROCEEDINGS OF THE I-R Octobe

ELECTRON DEVICESVol. ED-1, No. 3, August, 1954Traveling Wave Tube Characteristics for

Finite Values of C-C. K. Birdsall and G. R.Brewer

Using the determinantal equation for thepropagation constants of the waves in a travel-ing wave tube, values of the Pierce wave pa-rameter S=x+jy have been found for finitevalues of the gain parameter C (up to C=.5)and over a wide range of values of the spacecharge parameter QC (up to QC= 2). Using thevalues of the wave parameters, graphs were ob-tained of several derived quantities useful intraveling wave tube design. The following aregiven as functions of C and QC: (a) the initialloss factor (A1) and the space charge loss factor(A2) where Al+A2= A of Pierce, (b) maximumvalues of the gain per wavelength parameterxl, (c) maximum values of the gain per meterparameter xi/(l +Cb), (d) stream velocityparameter b at maximum gain per meter, (e) and(f) stream and growing wave phase velocity atmaximum gain per meter as a function of/4QC/(l - /4QC3) X-/(C09C).

Transistor Metrology-D. A. AlsbergThe general transistor measurement prob-

lem is surveyed considering the transistor de-signer, manufacturer and user. Several possiblesets of transistor parameters in common useare discussed, stressing consistency betweenproblems of measurement and the nature oftransistors. For general small signal character-ization, the hybrid parameters are proposedas the preferred set. For very high frequencies,finite termination, insertion type parametersare proposed.

The relative merits of point by point andsweep type measurements are discussed. Prob-lems in both recording and oscilloscopic sweepmeasurements are considered. Techniques orig-inally developed for rapid, precise measure-ment of long distance broad band transmissionfacilities may be adapted to precise transistorsweep instrumentation. This permits practicalspecification of transistors in terms of "regionalspecification" rather than the more conventionalspecification limits at discrete operating points.

A Developmental Voltage-Tunable Micro-wave Magnetron-J. S. Needle

The paper concerns the results of design andperformance of a low power coaxially inter-digital magnetron with external coupled cavity.Special attention is given to the problem ofwide-range tunability, in the microwave fre-quency spectrum, using either mechanical or

voltage-tuning methods.The basic structure of the magnetron con-

sists of a short, hermetically-sealed section ofcoaxial transmission line which contains sixequally spaced radial vanes extending from theinner wall of the outer coaxial cylinder into sixlongitudinal slots in the inner coaxial cylinder.The cathode is symmetrically located withinthe inner coaxial cylinder at the position of themulti-anode structure. This sealed off multi-anode system is used to excite a TEM mode inan external coaxial circuit.

Experimental results on electronically andmechanically tunable operation are reported,with particular emphasis on voltage tuning.

Measurement of Klystron Amplifier Param-eters-C. M. Beronda

This paper describes certain basic designmeasurements made on a high power klystronamplifier developed by Sperry under an AirForce (Rome Air Development Center) con-tract. This work was done by the ElectronicTube Department at Sperry during 1948-1950.

The klystron has a power output in themegawatt region and a high level gain of 38 db.The electron gun perveance is about 1X10-6ampvolts/312. About 95% of the electron guncurrent reaches the collector under static con-ditions while about 90% goes through under

operating conditions. A plate efficiency of about43% has been measured with up to 4 rmega-watts of peak power output.

Rather extensive engineering measurementswere made on the klystron and these measure-ments check rather closely with the original de-sign parameters. Among the tests made on thetube were the following measurements whichare described:

1. The optimum drive 1st and 2nd resona-tor voltage ratios.

2. Beam loading measurements.3. Longitudinal debunching measurements.4. Large signal measurements.Calculations of Wave Propagation on a

Helix in the Attenuation Region-S. E. WebberCalculations are made of the wave velocity

and attenuation of a wave propagating on ahelical current sheath in a housing. An attenua-tor of variable conductivity is assumed to becoincident with the helical current sheath. Re-sults show that the wave velocity increaseswith increasing conductivity while the attenua-tion goes through a maximum value for a par-ticular value of conductivity. These calcula-tions are compared with measured values.

Transistors and Their Applications (A Bib-liography, 1948-1953)-A. R. Krull

This bibliography consists of about 1,000items, 1948-1953, arranged by year and byauthor, with an appended supplement. Noannotations or abstracts are given.

ELECTRONIC COMPUTERSVol. EC-3, No. 3, September, 1954

The EditorA Permanent High Speed Store for Use

With Digital Computers-R. D. RyanA new type of high speed store is proposed

for an electronic digital computer using inter-pretive program techniques. The store is basedon the flying spot technique used in televisionsignal generation. The information in the storemay be read rapidly but is nonerasable. Thisstore has the advantages of high storage den-sity, good reliability and nonvolatility of in-formation.

Application of Boolean Algebra to SwitchingCircuit Design and to Error Detection-D. E.Muller

A solution is sought to the general problemof simplifying switching circuits that have morethan one output. The mathematical treatmentof the problem applies only to circuits that maybe represented by "polynomials" in Booleanalgebra. It is shown that certain parts of themultiple output problem for such circuits maybe reduced to a single output problem whose in-puts are equal in number to the sum of thenumbers of inputs and outputs in the originalproblem. A particularly simple reduction maybe effected in the case of two outputs.

Various techniques are described for sim-plifying Boolean expressions, called "+ poly-nomials, " in which the operation "exclusive or"appears between terms. The methods describedare particularly suitable for use with an auto-matic computer, and have been tested on theIlliac.

An unexpected metric relationship is shownto exist between the members of certain classesof "+ polynomials" called "nets." This rela-tionship may be used for constructing error-detecting codes, provided the number of bitsin the code is a power of two.

An Algebraic Theory for Use in DigitalComputer Design-E. C. Nelson

An algebraic theory of the logical opera-tion of digital computers is developed. Thistheory takes into account the dynamic (time)behavior of computer processes. The computersignals and computer elements are described.Their properties which are pertinent to thelogical operation of digital computers are ab-stracted and formulated in mathematical terms.

The signals are represented by algebraic sym-bols, and the way they are transformed by theelements of the computer is represented interms of algebraic operations and functions.This computer algebra is based on Booleanalgebra. Time is treated as a discrete variableand a method of taking into account the timerelationships in the computer process is de-veloped. Specific components, such as gates,flip-flops, and magnetic drums, are analyzed,and an algebraic description of their operationis obtained.

An Improved Reading System for Magnet-ically Recorded Digital Data-Samuel Lubkin

In magnetic recording of pulses, whether ondrum or tape, the resulting flux pattern is af-fected by proximity of adjacent pulses. Thebest defined region is that adjacent to the max-imum. In reading, the signal is the derivativeof the flux. In the best defined region, this isclose to a straight line passing through zerowhen the flux is maximum. The slope of thecurve at the zero changes sign with change ofpulse polarity. A new method of reading is de-scribed which examines the signal from thehead for such transitions from positive to nega-tive or reverse as indications that a positive ornegative pulse had been recorded. This is doneby gating the inverted signal with the delayedsignal for positive pulse reading and the inverseof this for reading negative pulses. Besides pro-viding sharply defined outputs, this methodpermits reading both positive and negativepulses from a single channel without interfer-ence or ambiguity. Examples are given for us-ing this facility for checking purposes and forstorage of two types of data in a commonchannel.

A Digital Voltage Encoder-J. R. ZweizigA two-channel voltage encoder having a

sampling rate of 40 numbers/second in eachchannel has been designed for use in a data re-duction system. The data are recorded on sin-gle-channel magnetic tape in the form of 10-digit binary numbers with an accuracy of ± 0.1per cent. The range of input voltage is 0 to 1volt and may be lowered to 0 to 10 mv throughthe use of chopper amplifiers. This lower rangeof input voltage covers the voltages generatedby analog transducers commonly employed tomeasure temperatures, pressures, flow rates,and thrusts.

A New Method of Generating Functions-Lazarus G. Polimerou

As a result of a pressing need for functiongenerators, a new method of function genera-tion has been developed. The underlying prin-ciple of this function generator is the applica-tion of ordinary pulse techniques in such a wayas to produce a function. The simplicity of de-sign, the high accuracy attainable, the simpletype of construction are the outstanding fea-tures of this general-purpose function gener-ator.

In order to compare this new type of func-tion generator with those presently being used,three important types are discussed. Thesegenerators are of the general-purpose, electricand photoelectric types; other comparable elec-tromechanical types are excluded.

A Function Generator for the Solution ofEngineering Design Problems-C. J. Savantand R. C. Howard

The solution of nonlinear engineering de-sign problems demonstrates the need for a spe-cial function generator. The generator de-scribed in this paper satisfies this need. Thebasic components of the unit are discussed andthe forms of functions which can be generatedare shown. Accuracy is estimated by compari-son of an oscillogram with the calculatedcurves. It is concluded from tests on the systemthat the function generator is a valuable aid inthe handling of nonlinear design problems.

NewsContributorsReview Section

1588 October